AIM We aimed to explore the frequency of BRAFV600E mutation in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as its association with clinic pathological characteristic of patients. BACKGROUND CRC is the third leading cause of cancer related death. There is a growing body of data showing the association of BRAFV600E mutation with malignant transformation and clinical outcome of differe...

BACKGROUND To prospectively evaluate the usefulness of the BRAFV600E mutation detection in daily clinical practice in patients with metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS 504 mCRC patients treated with systemic chemotherapy ± biologics were analyzed. RESULTS A statistically significant higher incidence of the BRAF mutation was observed in patients with ECOG-PS 2 (p=0.001)...

In drug development, specificity and the avoidance of off-target effects are the initial holy grails, with the ultimate goal of obtaining maximal in vivo efficacy coupled with minimal toxicity. Tumors, however, can be very efficient at nullifying the benefits of what could otherwise be good drugs. Tumors achieve these effects through a variety of mechanisms, one of which is drug resistance. Acq...

Therapeutic resistance is a major obstacle to achieving durable clinical responses with targeted therapies, highlighting a need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for resistance and identify strategies to overcome this challenge. An emerging body of data implicates the tyrosine kinase MET in mediating resistance to BRAF inhibitors in BRAFV600E mutant melanoma. In this study we o...

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone which stabilizes client proteins with important roles in tumor growth. 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an inhibitor of HSP90 ATPase activity, occupies the ATP binding site of HSP90 causing a conformational change which destabilizes client proteins and directs them towards proteosomal degradation. Malignant melanomas have ac...

The development of cutaneous melanoma is influenced by genetic factors, including BRAF mutations and environmental factors, such as ultraviolet exposure. Its progression has been also associated with the involvement of several tumour microenvironmental molecules. Among these, nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) has been indicated as a key player of osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9)...

BACKGROUND Isolated hypothalamic-pituitary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (HPLCH) is very rare. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics, endocrine function changes, BRAFV600E mutations and treatments of isolated HPLCH. METHODS We identified seven patients with isolated HPLCH by reviewing the clinical and pathological files in our hospital from 2007 to 2015. The clinical charact...

Treatment options for advanced metastatic thyroid cancer patients are limited. Vemurafenib, a BRAFV600E inhibitor, has shown promise in clinical trials although cellular resistance occurs. Combination therapy that includes BRAFV600E inhibition and avoids resistance is a clinical need. We used an in vitro model to examine combination treatment with vemurafenib and mammalian target of rapamycin (...

The BRAFV600E mutation has shown a close relationship of aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), while it remains unclear about its influence on the therapeutic response. As a common clinicopathologic risk factor, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) may have a correlation of prognosis in PTC. The objective was to investigate the relationship between BRAFV600E mutation and TgAb, and their...

Autophagy is the basic catabolic mechanism that involves cell degradation of unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components. Autophagy has a controversial role in cancer--both in protecting against tumor progression by isolation of damaged organelles, or by potentially contributing to cancer growth. The impact of autophagy in RAS induced transformation still remains to be further analyzed bas...