Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles. They considered as waste-management system of cells, crucial for intercellular communication information and have emerged to be mediators pathogen transmission. Pathogen derived exosomes advance infections by suppression host immune response, transmission pathogen-related molecules evasion. The ability from the virus infected cells modulate response and/or ...

Background and Aims: Despite the screening of blood donors, blood transfusion represents an ideal port of entry for blood-borne infection. Blood-borne pathogen transmission has been a concern since the earliest days of transfusion. The blood product of platelet (PLT) concentrates is still faced with the risk of bacterial and viral contaminations. Pathogen inactivation technologies offer a proac...

By extending a mechanistic model for the tick-borne pathogen systemic transmission with consideration of seasonal climate impacts, host movement as well co-feeding route, this paper proposes novel modeling framework describing spatial dynamics diseases. The net reproduction number tick growth and basic disease are derived, which predict global population transmission. Numerical simulations not ...

Deer support high tick intensities, perpetuating tick populations, but they do not support tick-borne pathogen transmission, so are dilution hosts. We test the hypothesis that absence of deer (loss of a dilution host) will result in either an increase or a reduction in tick density, and that the outcome is scale dependent. We use a complementary methodological approach starting with meta-analys...

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici causes take-all disease, the most important root disease of cereal plants. Cereal plants are able to form a symbiotic association with soil-borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which can provide bioprotection against soil-borne fungal pathogens. However, the bioprotective effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against soil-borne fungal pathogens might vary. In...

Background and Aims: Despite the screening of blood donors, blood transfusion represents an ideal port of entry for blood-borne infection. Blood-borne pathogen transmission has been a concern since the earliest days of transfusion. The blood product of platelet (PLT) concentrates is still faced with the risk of bacterial and viral contaminations. Pathogen inactivation technologies offer a proac...

Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCWs and also discuss current methods for preventing exposures and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. In the health care setting, blood-borne pathogen transmiss...

CONCERN about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other bloodborne pathogens is rising throughout society as infection becomes more prevalent. Many members of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) have expressed the need for an official statement from the Society that addresses practice issues unique to interventional radiology. As a result, the SIR Subcommittee on HIV and Bloodborne...

Occupational exposure to a range of pathogens represents a serious risk to anaesthetists. The risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C, are well known, but occupational exposure also includes airborne pathogens such as tuberculosis. The risk of occupational infection with a blood-borne pathogen is proportional to three factors:

The geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are changing due to global and local environmental (including climatic) changes. In this review we explore current knowledge of the drivers for changes in the ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogen species and strains via effects on their basic reproduction number (R 0), and the mechanisms of dispersal that allow ticks and tick-borne path...