OBJECTIVES Motor vehicle injury is the leading cause of injury death for children 4 to 8 years of age. Although booster seat use in this age group substantially reduces the risk of injury, most children are currently restrained by seatbelts designed for adults. The objective of this study was to measure booster seat use directly, determine factors predictive of proper child restraint, and asses...

OBJECTIVE To compare child care center-based booster seat education and distribution with no intervention when implemented immediately after booster seat legislation. DESIGN Cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING Thirty-nine urban child care centers. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred fifty-four parents and 1010 children aged 4 to 8 years in vehicles leaving centers. Intervention We trained...

OBJECTIVES To increase booster seat use among low income parents. DESIGN/METHODS A pre-test/post-test design conducted in nine daycare centers with post-test observations four to eight weeks after the intervention. INTERVENTION Parents who participated in an educational training received free seats, educational programs were provided to all daycare staff and children, and signs in parking l...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a national one week media campaign promoting booster seat use. DESIGN Pre-test, post-test design based on nationally representative random digit dialing telephone survey, with control for exposure to campaign. SETTING Canada. SUBJECTS Parents of children aged 4-9 years. INTERVENTIONS During a one week campaign in May 2004, information on booster ...

This study was done to investigate the antibody response to a Vero cell antirabies vaccine, the persistence of antibody for 5 years, and the effect of a booster dose after this interval. From August 2005 to February 2011, a total of 195 patients were enrolled into our study due to an animal bite. The Essen intramuscular (i.m.) regimen, which is recommended by the WHO for modern vaccines used in...

BACKGROUND Newborns who have received hepatitis B immunization in 1980s are now young adults joining healthcare disciplines. The need for booster, pre- and post-booster checks becomes a practical question. AIMS The aim of this study is to refine the HBV vaccination policy for newly admitted students in the future. METHODS A prospective study on medical and nursing school entrants to evaluat...

The World Health Organization recommends a booster dose of a pertussis-containing vaccine for children aged 1-6 years, preferably during the second year of life. This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a pentavalent combination vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and conjugated-Hib polysaccharide antigens, [(DTaP-IPV//PRP-T (Pentaxim...

The synthesis, standardization, and immunogenicity in young outbred mice and clinical evaluation in adult volunteers of investigational vaccines designed to induce serum antibodies to the type 5 and type 8 capsular polysaccharides (CPs) of Staphylococcus aureus are described. Conjugates composed of the type 5 CP and a sonicated preparation of a high-molecular-weight type 8 CP bound to a nontoxi...

BACKGROUND Antibody levels wane rapidly after Meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MenCC) vaccination in young children, rendering the need for an adolescent booster dose. It is not clear whether circulating memory B cells are associated with persistence of MenC-specific antibody levels. METHODS Measurement of MenC-specific IgG and IgA memory B cells and levels of serum and salivary MenC-spec...

BACKGROUND Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine type (VT) pneumococci, an important driver of vaccine programs' overall benefits. The dosing schedule that best reduces carriage is unclear. METHODS We performed a systematic review of English language publications from 1994 to 2010 (supplemented post hoc with studies from 2011) reporting PCV effects on...