Countless hours of research and studies on triazine, phosphonate, and their combination have provided insightful information into their flame retardant properties on polymeric systems. However, a limited number of studies shed light on the mechanism of flame retardancy of their combination on cotton fabrics. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the thermal degradation pro...

The 351.1 nm photoelectron spectrum of 1-pyrazolide anion has been measured. The 1-pyrazolide ion is produced by hydroxide (HO(-)) deprotonation of pyrazole in a flowing afterglow ion source. The electron affinity (EA) of the 1-pyrazolyl radical has been determined to be 2.938 +/- 0.005 eV. The angular dependence of the photoelectrons indicates near-degeneracy of low-lying states of 1-pyrazolyl...

The sequential bond energies of Cr(CO),+, x = 1-6, are determined by collision-induced dissociation in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. Values for the 0 K bond energies (in eV) are determined to be D(Cr+-CO) = 0.93 f 0.04, D[(CO)Cr+-CO] = 0.98 f 0.03, D[(C0)2Cr+-CO] = 0.56 f 0.06, D[(CO)&r+-CO] = 0.53 f 0.08, D[(CO)&r+-CO] = 0.64 f 0.03, and D[(CO)&r+-CO] = 1.35 f 0.08. The sum of th...

To explore how the solvent influences primary aspects of bond breaking, the gas and solution phase photochemistries of phenol and ofpara-methylthiophenol are directly compared using, respectively, H (Rydberg) atom photofragment translation spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Approaches are demonstrated that allow explicit comparisons of the nascent product energy dis...

Photoionization efficiency curves were measured for gas-phase PtC, PtO, and PtO2 using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation at the Advanced Light Source. The molecules were prepared by laser ablation of a platinum tube, followed by reaction with CH4 or N2O and supersonic expansion. These measurements provide the first directly measured ionization energy for PtC, IE(PtC) = 9.45 +/- 0.05 eV...

A method is described to obtain multicollision dissociation threshold (MCDT) values. These values provide relative reaction thresholds for dissociation in the three major gas-phase fragmentation reactions of oligosaccharides complexed to alkali metal ions. The quasimolecular ions are produced using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The MCDTs for al...

The adsorption and dissociation of dioxygen on the Ir~111! surface have been studied using periodic self-consistent density functional theory ~DFT-GGA! calculations. Three di-s-type chemisorbed molecular precursors are identified: One is located over bridge sites and has a binding energy of 21.3 eV and a bond length of 1.4 Å; the other two are located over threefold hollows and have similar bin...

We have used high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the dynamics of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) molecules at the free interface of the crystalline phase that occurs naturally in purple membrane. Our results reveal temporal fluctuations at the crystal edges arising from the association and dissociation of bR molecules, most predominantly pre-formed trimers. Analysis of the dissociation kinetics ...

We develop a physical model to describe the kinetic behavior in cell-adhesion molecules. Unbinding of noncovalent biological bonds is assumed to occur by both bond dissociation and bond rupture. Such a decomposition of debonding processes is a space decomposition of the debonding events. Dissociation under thermal fluctuation is nondirectional in a three-dimensional space, and its energy barrie...