Introduction The present day oil crisis and need for more fuel economy has driven the demand for diesel powered automobiles. Diesel soot is one of the primary emissions of diesel combustion and accurate modeling of soot formation is a challenging area for combustion researchers. The soot formation in diesel engine combustion has been previously modeled using a twostep phenomenological model whi...

Molecular simulations (energy minimizations and molecular dynamics) of an n-hexane soot model developed by Smith and co-workers (M. S. Akhter, A. R. Chughtai and D. M. Smith, Appl. Spectrosc., 1985, 39, 143; ref. 1) were performed. The MM+ (N. L. Allinger, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 395, 157; ref. 2) and COMPASS (H. Sun, J. Phys. Chem., 1998, 102, 7338; ref. 3) force ®elds were tested for their a...

The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R(50), for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R(50) is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar...

Air pollutants such as tropospheric ozone and black carbon (soot) also contribute to the greenhouse effect. Black carbon is thought to be the second or third most important anthropogenic contributor to global warming, while troposheric ozone is the fourth most important. Both are also major components of indoor and outdoor air pollution. This paper reviews the existing literature of the health,...

A study has been carried out to investigate the influence of soot contaminated automotive lubricants in the wear process of a simulated engine valve train contact. Previous research on this topic has been mainly performed from a chemical point of view in fundamental studies, with insufficient relevance to real engine conditions i.e. load and geometry. This study investigates the conditions unde...

The reaction of fullerene molecules with soot was studied by contacting sublimed C fullerenes with commercially 60 available carbon black particles at different temperatures in the range 1023–1273 K. Fullerene mass data collected both preand post-reaction were fit to a simple first-order kinetic model and yielded a temperature-dependent reaction rate expression. 28 21 The calculated collision e...

Four contrasting descriptions of the gas-particle partitioning of SOCs are currently used: the Junge-Pankow adsorption model, the empirical Finizio organic matter (OM) absorption relationship, the Harner-Bidleman OM absorption model, and a dual black carbon (BC) adsorption and OM absorption model. Use of these four descriptions in a box model resulted in very different global fates, particularl...

The present study is concerned with measuring and simulating soot formation and combustion in turbulent liquid fuel spray flames. Soot concentrations inside the combustor are measured by filter paper technique. The simulation is based on the solution of the fully-coupled conservation equations for turbulent flow, chemical species kinetic modeling, fuel droplet evaporation and combustion and...

Soot contamination in engine oil causes a significant increase wear of components. Presence soot the is one most common reasons leading to an change intervals. There are several mechanisms that affect performance such as degradation, additive decomposition and adsorption on particles. It recommended removal from can reduce components extend service life oil. However, removing particles diminish...

Sophisticated manipulation of surface roughness and solid surface energy are widely used to design super-hydrophobic layers. In this work, we designed highly porous silica layer with contact angle (CA) of 145°, and its robustness was promoted with thermal treatment. Wettability of coated layer is studied with CA measurement for different liquid surface tensions using diluted organi...