One hundred and sixty Escherichia coli strains were serotyped and biotyped. Serotyping revealed 68 different types, with 25 strains not typable. Biotyping was possible in all strains but revealed 55 different types. One biotype could be subdivided into 35 different serotypes, indicating that for this biotype the series of biochemical and fermentation reactions could be extended for further diff...

Hospital and community laboratories are requested to refer all Shigella isolates from cases of shigellosis to ESR for serotyping and biotyping as part of the laboratory-based surveillance of this disease. The antimicrobial susceptibility of viable, non-duplicate Shigella isolates referred to ESR in 2015 and 2016 was tested. This is the first antimicrobial susceptibility survey of Shigella that ...

Classical biotyping characterizes strains by creating biotype profiles that consider only positive and negative results for a predefined set of biochemical tests. This method allows Salmonella subspecies to be distinguished but does not allow serotypes and phage types to be distinguished. The objective of this study was to determine the relatedness of isolates belonging to distinct Salmonella e...

Methods of preparing and plating inocula onto media for the Odds and Abbott Candida albicans biotyping system (F. C. Odds and A. B. Abbott, Sabouraudia 18:301-317, 1980; Odds and Abbott, Sabouraudia 21:79-81, 1983) were altered to utilize inexpensive and commercially available supplies and equipment. The modified system correlates well with the reference system.

The aim of this study was to report the ability of killer toxins, previously used as biotyping techniques, as a new tool to differentiate C. albicans from C. dubliniensis. The susceptibility of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis to killer toxins ranged from 33.9 to 93.3% and from 6.67 to 93.3%, respectively.

Background Mammalian cell cultures, especially Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO), are the predominant host for the production of biologics. Despite considerable progress in industry and academia alike (also enforced e.g. by the Process Analytical Technology Initiative of the FDA), particularly in the field of process monitoring there is still a need for innovative methods enabling improvement of proc...