Inevitably, recent developments, for example in the field of messenger RNA, are not considered. However, the inclusion by many authors of material unpublished at the time of presentation has tended to keep this symposium up to date in spite of the delay in publication. The papers range from general review articles to summaries of work in individual laboratories, and they are grouped under the h...

By Svenja M. Janke1∗, Michele Pavanello, Geert-Jan Kroes, Daniel Auerbach, Alec M. Wodtke, and Alexander Kandratsenka ,∗ 1 Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Germany 2 Rutgers University, Warren St. 73, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA 3 Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300, The Netherlands 4 Max-Planck-In...

For many years the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol to a mixture of alkenes has been carried out in college organic chemistry labs to demonstrate the application of Zaitzev’s rule and the occurrence of the E1 reaction mechanism in alcohol dehydration reactions. In 1994 David Todd, then a chemistry professor at Pomona College, was distilling the product alkenes out of the reaction mixture whe...

The problem you need to solve is to determine the identity of the individual components from your mixture. You will use several different techniques today and compare your experimental results to those of known standards. From this data you should be able to identify all of the components of your original mixture. Keep careful records of your observations and your interpretation of spectra so t...

Antibodies are the most versatile binding proteins in nature with six loops creating a flexible continuous interaction surface. However, in some molecular formats, antibodies are aggregation prone. Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) were successfully created as alternative design solutions. Nevertheless, their concave shape, rigidity and incompletely randomized binding surface may limit...

background: bcl-2 is the most important anti-apoptotic regulator and bax is a pro-apoptotic protein. the status of these parameters or the ration of bcl-2 to bax is important in malignant cell fate as well as normal cells. methods: sixty-two all patients and 62 healthy sex-and age-matched controls were studied. after genotyping, the promoter region of the bax and bcl-2 genes by rflp-pcr method ...