The conceptual advances introduced by recent discoveries in the field of active transport have triggered a transition from a "black box" approach to a "mechanistic" approach. At present, treating this subject in the graduate setting requires consideration of equilibrium and kinetic experimentation, protein chemistry, mutational analysis and molecular structure, with the aim of defining the "tra...

BACKGROUND Promoting daily routine physical activities, such as active travel to school, may have important health implications. Practitioners and policy makers must understand the variety of factors that influence whether or not a child uses active school travel. Several reviews have identified both inhibitors and promoters of active school travel, but few studies have combined these putative ...

First lab-on-chip devices based on active transport by biomolecular motors have been demonstrated for basic detection and sorting applications. However, to fully employ the advantages of such hybrid nanotechnology, versatile spatial and temporal control mechanisms are required. Using a thermo-responsive polymer, we demonstrate the selective starting and stopping of modified microtubules gliding...

Plants have the ability to synthesize almost unlimited number of substances. In many cases, these chemicals serve in plant defense mechanisms against microorganisms, insects, and herbivores. Generally, any part of the plant may contain the various active ingredients. Among the plant, active compounds are saponins, which are traditionally used as natural detergents. The name ‘saponin’ comes from...

Johansson's point-light walker figures remain one of the most powerful and convincing examples of the role that motion can play in the perception of form (Johansson, 1973 Perception & Psychophysics 14 201 - 211; 1975 Scientific American 232(6) 76 - 88). In the current work, we use a dual-task paradigm to explore the role of attention in the processing of such stimuli. In two experiments we find...

Bipolaris oryzae causes rice brown spot disease which reduces rice yield with substantial global impact. Streptomycetes isolated from rice fields of Guilan Province, Iran, showed antifungal activity against the tested pathogen. From five active Streptomyces spp. isolates, isolate G showed high antagonistic activity. To determine its taxonomical identity, its colonies character...

tion signal of the genome that plays important roles in heritable gene silencing, heterochromatin formation and certain transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. In contrast to the process of DNA methylation that is catalyzed by specific classes of methyltransferases, molecular players underlying active DNA demethylation have long been elusive. Emerging biochemical and functional evidence sugge...

Reverse-engineering of biological networks is a central problem in systems biology. The use of intervention data, such as gene knockouts or knockdowns, is typically used for teasing apart causal relationships among genes. Under time or resource constraints, one needs to carefully choose which intervention experiments to carry out. Previous approaches for selecting most informative interventions...

All rabbits were kept together in one large runway, having access to both outdoors and indoors, The food was cabbage, carrots, sugar beets, and bran. The animals were well cared for. The lighting, heating, and ventilation were first-rate. Nine normal, adult rabbits were divided into 3 lots of 3 animals each. There were 2 females. One was placed in Lot No. 1 and the other in Lot No.3. Lot No. 1 ...