one of the most important and valuable goal of software development life cycle is software cost estimation or sce. during the recent years, sce has attracted the attention of researchers due to huge amount of software project requests. there have been proposed so many models using heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms to do machine learning process for sce. cocomo81 is one of the most popular...

Targets and objects registration and tracking in a sequence of images play an important role in various areas. One of the methods in image registration is feature-based algorithm which is accomplished in two steps. The first step includes finding features of sensed and reference images. In this step, a scale space is used to reduce the sensitivity of detected features to the scale changes. Afterw...

Graphs have enormous usage in software engineering, network and electrical engineering. In fact graphs drawing is a geometrically representation of information. Among graphs, trees are concentrated because of their ability in hierarchical extension as well as processing VLSI circuit. Many algorithms have been proposed for drawing binary trees within polygons. However these algorithms generate b...

Binary trees are essential structures in Computer Science. The leaf (leaves) of a binary tree is one of the most significant aspects of it. In this study, we prove that the order of a leaf (leaves) of a binary tree is the same in the main tree traversals; preorder, inorder, and postorder. Then, we prove that given the preorder and postorder traversals of a binary tree, the leaf (leaves) of a bi...

Most real world engineering design problems, such as cross-country water mains, include combinations of continuous, discrete, and binary value decision variables. Very often, the binary decision variables associate with the presence and/or absence of some nominated alternatives or project’s components. This study extends an existing continuous Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to simultan...

binary decision diagram (bdd) is a data structure proved to be compact in representation and efficient in manipulation of boolean formulas. using binary decision diagram in network reliability analysis has already been investigated by some researchers. in this paper we show how an exact algorithm for network reliability can be improved and implemented efficiently by using cudd - colorado univer...

Measurement of magnitude and frequency of the voltage flicker is very important for monitoring andcontrolling voltage flicker efficiently to improve the network power quality. This paper presents twonew methods for measurement of flicker signal parameters using Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm(SFLA) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). This paper estimates fundamental voltage andflicker ...

We study the problem of reconstructing binary images from four projections data in a fuzzy environment. Given the uncertainly projections,w e want to find a binary image that respects as best as possible these projections. We provide an iterative algorithm based on fuzzy integer programming and linear membership functions.