On the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes, several ABC transporters are responsible for the secretion of bile lipids. Among them, ABCB4, also called MDR3, is essential for the secretion of phospholipids from hepatocytes into bile. The biliary phospholipids are associated with bile salts and cholesterol in mixed micelles, thereby reducing the detergent activity and cytotoxicity of bile salts a...

no glycine conjugates in the bile salts of eight species of birds, and Wiggins (1955a), in a careful examination of chicken bile by countercurrent distribution methods, failed to find either free bile acids or glycine conjugates. The present report is of an examination of the bile salts of the King penguin, Aptenodites patagonica, and includes remarks on the chemical nature of tetrahydroxynorst...

As early as 1926 Mellanby (1) was able to show that introduction of bile into the duodenum of anesthetized cats produces a copious flow of pancreatic juice. In conscious dogs, Ivy & Lueth (2) reported, bile is only a weak stimulant of pancreatic secretion. Diversion of bile from the duodenum, however, did not influence pancreatic volume secretion stimulated by a meal (3,4). Moreover, Thomas & C...

Physiological factors affecting the flow and composition of bile may be divided into two general categories. First, the availability of bile salts (by hepatic synthesis and by reabsorption from the bowel) has a significant influence on the rate of bile production. The choleretic effect of natural bile salts and the phenomenon of enterohepatic circulation of these compounds were first demonstrat...

We have shown previously that ox and pig bile accelerate in vitro growth of Giardia lamblia. We have now investigated the possible mechanisms by which mammalian biles promote parasite growth. Growth effects of (a) ox, pig, guinea pig, and human biles, (b) pure bile salts, and (c) egg and soybean lecithins were studied in the presence of a lecithin-containing growth medium. Individually, dilute ...

Some known mechanisms proposed for the reduction of blood cholesterol by dietary fibre are: binding with bile salts in the duodenum and prevention of lipid absorption, which can be partially related with the bile salt binding. In order to gain new insights into the mechanisms of the binding of dietary fibre to bile salts, the goal of this work is to study the main interactions between cellulose...

The determination of serum and urinary enzymes levels is widely used to assess both liver and kidney damage. However, during obstructive liver disease there is a concurrent elevation in the concentrations of serum and urinary hydrophobic bile salts, which have been reported to alter the activity of a number of enzymes making the accurate assessment of enzymic activity difficult [l]. Bile salts ...

The molecular pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) liver disease is unknown. This study investigates its earliest pathophysiological manifestations employing a mouse model carrying DeltaF508, the commonest human CF mutation. We hypothesized that, if increased bile salt spillage into the colon occurs as in the human disease, then this should lead to a hydrophobic bile salt profile and to "hyperb...

Bile salts are surfactants that partition into phospholipid bilayers. When liposomes or membranes are exposed to mixed solutions of bile salts, the more hydrophobic bile salt species associate preferentially with the lipid bilayer. As a consequence, in the aqueous phase, the free monomeric concentration of bile salt declines and the more hydrophilic species become relatively enriched. Above a c...

CmeABC, a multidrug efflux pump, is involved in the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents and is essential for Campylobacter colonization in animal intestine by mediating bile resistance. Previously, we have shown that expression of this efflux pump is under the control of a transcriptional repressor named CmeR. Inactivation of CmeR or mutation in the cm...