OBJECTIVES Fidaxomicin, which was recently approved for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, demonstrates narrow-spectrum bactericidal activity via inhibition of RNA polymerase. In this study we evaluated its inhibitory activity versus C. difficile toxin gene expression and toxin production by quantifying toxin mRNA and protein. METHODS The effects of fidaxomicin, its ...

The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is constantly changing and is influenced by antibiotic usage patterns, healthcare patient environment, and emergence of new strains. Between 1982 and 1991, 4 outbreak periods were noted in 1 hospital in Minnesota, each marked by clusters of specific strains, designated by restriction endonuclease typing (REA) as groups B and K (both type...

We report the 5.101-Mbp high-quality draft assembly of the Escherichia coli strain ATCC 23506 (serovar O10:K5:H4, also known as NCDC Bi 8337-41) genome. This uropathogenic strain, commonly referred to as E. coli K5, produces N-acetyl heparosan, a glycosaminoglycan-like capsular polysaccharide and precursor to the anticoagulant pharmaceutical heparin. Metabolic reconstruction of this genome will...

Heteroepitaxial strain can be a controlling factor in the lateral dimensions of 1-D nanostructures. Bi nanolines on Si(001) have an atomic structure which involves a large sub-surface reconstruction, resulting in a strong elastic coupling to the surrounding silicon. We present variable-bias STM and first principles electronic structure calculations of the Bi nanolines, which investigates this i...

The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is constantly changing and is influenced by antibiotic usage patterns, healthcare patient environment, and emergence of new strains. Between 1982 and 1991, 4 outbreak periods were noted in 1 hospital in Minnesota, each marked by clusters of specific strains, designated by restriction endonuclease typing (REA) as groups B and K (both type...

the decomposition $gamma=bh$ of a group $gamma$ into a subset $b$ and a subgroup $h$ of $gamma$ induces, under general conditions, a group-like structure for $b$, known as a gyrogroup. the famous concrete realization of a gyrogroup, which motivated the emergence of gyrogroups into the mainstream, is the space of all relativistically admissible velocities along with a binary operation given by t...