Reorganization of the frequency map in the central auditory system is based on shifts in the best frequencies (BFs; hereafter, BF shifts), together with the frequency-response curves, of auditory neurons. In the big brown bat, conditioning with acoustic stimulation followed by electric leg-stimulation causes BF shifts of collicular and cortical neurons. The collicular BF shift develops quickly ...

The effect of bilateral electrolytic lesioning of the anterior and posterior parts of the basal forebrain (BF) on learning behavior and changes in neurotransmitters in the central nervous system was investigated in rats. The posterior BF lesion caused more severe impairment than the anterior BF lesion in the acquisition of conditioned avoidance response in a two-way shuttle box. A severe defici...

A new HPLC method was developed using a chiral column to efficiently separate four 1"-hydroxybufuralol (1"-OH-BF) diastereomers that are major metabolites of bufuralol (BF). Employing this method, we examined diastereomer selectivity in the formation of 1"-OH-BF from BF racemate or enantiomers in four individual samples of human liver microsomes. Three different human liver microsomes showed a ...

There is a typo in the third sentence of the ‘‘Patterns of viral migration’’ subsection of the Results section. The sentence currently reads: ‘‘The ORF VI data supported spread from Greece to Turkey (BF = 230) and to Iran (BF = 128), and from Japan to USA (BF = 112).’’ The correct sentence should read: ‘‘There was also some support for spread from Turkey to Japan (BF = 14). The ORF VI data supp...

The present study was designed to investigate the central nervous system activity of terpene GABA (and piracetam) derivatives designated as BF-1, BF-2, BF-3, BF-4, BF-5, BF-6. We assessed their anticonvulsant activity in the two main mouse models of seizures (MES-test, PTZ-test), an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test (FST), as well as an influence on spontaneous locomotor activi...

The factor B (Bf) and C2 complement genes are closely linked within the MHC class III region and are thought to have arisen by gene duplication from a single gene encoding an ancestral molecule; the animal phyla in which this duplication event took place is unknown. Two teleost fish, (zebrafish and medaka fish) have each been shown to possess only a single molecule that shows an equivalent degr...

OBJECTIVE Breast-feeding (BF) provides the ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. The prevalence of BF in Lebanon shows mixed results. The present study was the first large-scale, extensive survey on BF parameters in Lebanon that aimed to explore demographic, socio-economic and other fundamental issues associated with the initiation and duration of BF by Lebanese mothers....

In this study, we compared the relationships of body mass index (BMI) and body adiposity index (BAI) with body fat percentage (BF%) in a Caucasian, European population. BF% was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in a population-based cross-sectional study of 5,193 middle-aged (47-49 years) and elderly (71-74 years) men and women from the Hordaland Health Study in western Norway from 1...

BACKGROUND Budesonide and formoterol (BF) Spiromax® is a dry powder inhaler designed to deliver BF with maximum ease of use for patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS A phase 3b, 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled trial in patients (≥12 years) with persistent asthma. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE to demonstrate non-inferiority of twi...