The purpose of this research was to study the neutralization efficacy of a universal neutralizer proposed by the CTPA on a range of antimicrobial agents and its potential toxicity for microorganisms that are used for antimicrobial preservation testing. Several types of antimicrobial agents including a mixture of methylisothiazolinone and its 5-chloro derivative, dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin, Q...

Purpose Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is the most commonly used eye drop preservative. Benzalkonium chloride has been associated with toxic effects such as "dry eye" and trabecular meshwork degeneration, but the underlying biochemical mechanism of ocular toxicity by BAK is unclear. In this study, we propose a mechanistic basis for BAK's adverse effects. Method Mitochondrial O2 consumption rates...

We have assessed the release of histamine from mast cells by smooth muscle contraction. 0.3 microg/ml compound 48/80 showed no effect on concentration-response relationship of histamine in rabbit aorta. Compound 48/80 induced release of histamine from rat mast cells. When aorta was stimulated by compound 48/80 in the presence of mast cells, contraction was evoked in concentration-dependent mann...

Zinc sulphate and boric acid ophthalmic preparations, containing benzalkonium chloride as preservative, have been investigated against gram-negative and positive bacteria. Viability of bacteria was found after 7 days, although it was completely suppressed after 24 hours of inoculation. Zinc sulphate generally increases the antimicrobial activity of benzalkonium chloride, whereas boric acid ...

OBJECTIVE To measure the influence of topical steroids and the preservative potassium sorbate on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal mucosa in vitro. DESIGN In vitro study of cultured ciliated cells of human nasal mucosa. METHODS Human nasal mucosa was removed endoscopically and cultured for 10 days. Cell cultures with ciliated cells grown on an object slide were exposed to benz...

Apart from their release of fluorine ions, GICs can potentially be used as templates for the release of other active antimicrobial ingredients. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of incorporating an antimicrobial compound into a glass-ionomer cement. For the realization of the aim set we used the commercially available ChemFlex glass-ionomer cement, a material widely used ...