In the first part (Lebée and Sab, 2010a) of this two-part paper we have presented a new plate theory for out-of-plane loaded thick plates where the static unknowns are those of the Kirchhoff-Love theory (3 inplane stresses and 3 bending moments), to which six components are added representing the gradient of the bending moment. The new theory, called Bending-Gradient plate theory is an extensio...

The wings in different insect species are morphologically distinct with regards to their size, outer contour (margin) shape, venation, and pigmentation. The basis of the diversity of wing margin shapes remains unknown, despite the fact that gene networks governing the Drosophila wing development have been well characterised. Among the different types of wing margin shapes, smoothly curved conto...

Computer simulations have been carried out with a model flagellum that can bend in three dimensions. A pattern of dynein activation in which regions of dynein activity propagate along each doublet, with a phase shift of approximately 1/9 wavelength between adjacent doublets, will produce a helical bending wave. This pattern can be termed "doublet metachronism." The simulations show that doublet...

BACKGROUND Different animal models are used as fracture models in orthopaedic research prior to implant use in humans, although biomechanical forces can differ to a great extend between species due to variable anatomic conditions, particularly with regard to the gait. The rabbit is an often used fracture model, but biomechanical data are very rare. The objective of the present study was to meas...

Interneurons in leech ganglia receive multiple sensory inputs and make synaptic contacts with many motor neurons. These "hidden" units coordinate several different behaviors. We used physiological and anatomical constraints to construct a model of the local bending reflex. Dynamic networks were trained on experimentally derived inputoutput patterns using recurrent backpropagation. Units in the ...

The aim of this paper is to study the bending properties of tail flukes of a dolphin. The bending test was carried out to obtain the displacements on different test points of a fluke. The Young’s moduli of the ligamentous layer and the dense connective tissue in the flukes were obtained from the tensile test and the compression test. In order to establish an FEM model for bending deformation of...