this research is carried out to design and manufacturing of lathe vibration tool and their tests. firstly, one-dimensional vibration tool is designed and made of the bending vibration mode. one-dimensional vibration tool with half piezoelectric rings is considered to excite the bending mode of tool. structure of vibration tool is designed in abaqus software about 20 khz and then is made with re...

The spline finite strip method (S.F.S.M.) for buckling analysis of plates and plate assemblies subjected to longitudinal compression and bending, transverse compression as well as shear is described. The method allows for the boundary conditions. Local buckling coefficients of plates with different boundary conditions under compression, bending and shear are calculated. Convergence studies with...

The spline finite strip method (S.F.S.M.) for buckling analysis of plates and plate assemblies subjected to longitudinal compression and bending, transverse compression as well as shear is described. The method allows for the boundary conditions. Local buckling coefficients of plates with different boundary conditions under compression, bending and shear are calculated. Convergence studies with...

The distribution of curvature and of bending speed along the cell's growing region are studied during steady state phototropic bending. At the start, elemental bending speed parallels the known axial distribution of growth rate. Hence regional phototropic sensitivity is initially determined by the local growth rate, and unilateral visible light acts proportionally at all levels of the growth zo...

The hoes are widely used in the farms and home gardens in the United States. Many existing hoes are not ergonomically designed because they require a lot of back bending and wrist bending during use. Back bending often causes lower back injuries, and wrist bending often causes carpal tunnel syndrome. It can be very expensive to cure these injuries. The objective of this project is to reduce bac...

DNA-bending flexibility is central for its many biological functions. A new bending restraining method for use in molecular mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations was developed. It is based on an average screw rotation axis definition for DNA segments and allows inducing continuous and smooth bending deformations of a DNA oligonucleotide. In addition to controlling the magnit...

The bending of a flagellum, such as the flagellum which forms the tail of a seaurchin spermatozoon, is the result of active mechanochemical processes occurring within the flagellum itself, which cause it to bend actively throughout its length (Gray, 1955; Machin, 1958). To understand how flagella operate, we must understand not only the mechanisms which generate bending, but also the control me...

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells function by active bending that produces cell movements and fluid flows in their environment. They contain a common cytoskeleton, known as the axoneme, that is the locus of all the enzymes and mechanical components that are required for production of useful bending. The bending of many flagella, and some cilia, is planar, or at least nearly planar. In ...

DNA bending plays an important role in many biological processes, but its molecular and energetic details as a function of base sequence remain to be fully understood. Using a recently developed restraint, we have studied the controlled bending of four different B-DNA oligomers using molecular dynamics simulations. Umbrella sampling with the AMBER program and the recent parmbsc0 force field yie...