In this letter we study the valley degeneracy splitting of the transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayer by first-principles calculations. The local magnetic moments are introduced into the system when the transition-metal atoms are adsorbed on the monolayer surface. The Zeeman effect arising from the local magnetic moment at transition-metal atom sites lifts the valley degeneracy. Anomalous ch...

[1] Glacial occupation of alpine valleys results in a distinct signature in the long-valley profile, including steepening of the profile in the headwaters, flattening at lower elevations, and a step in the profile at the convergence of headwater tributaries. We present analytic results for glacial erosion patterns by making the following assumptions: (1) the initial profile is linear, (2) the w...

Stream habitat assessments are conducted to evaluate biological potential, determine anthropogenic impacts, and guide restoration projects. Utilizing these procedures, managers must first select a representative stream reach, which is typically selected based on several criteria. To develop a consistent and unbiased procedure for choosing sampling locations, the Illinois Department of Natural R...

Gapped 2D Dirac materials, in which inversion symmetry is broken by a gap-opening perturbation, feature a unique valley transport regime. Topological valley currents in such materials are dominated by bulk currents produced by electronic states just beneath the gap rather than by edge modes. The system ground state hosts dissipationless persistent valley currents existing even when topologicall...

Methods to automatically derive landforms have typically focused on pixel-based, bottom-up approaches and most commonly on the derivation of topographic eminences. In this paper we describe an object-based, top-down algorithm to identify valley floors. The algorithm is based on a region growing approach, seeded by thalwegs with pixels added to the region according to a threshold gradient value....

In Lebanon, potato occupies a surface of 14,800 ha corresponding to 17% of the irrigated land. The Bekaa valley is the largest production area in the country, with more than 67% of total potato production located on prime land. This crop is generally fertilized by soil application and irrigated by sprinklers with rare implementation of drip systems. Spring and summer potatoes depend entirely on...