This article describes a mathematical model of a pneumatic artificial muscle reinforced by straight fibers. The pneumatic artificial muscle is lightweight and high power. In addition, it is possible for it to emit exhaust into the atmosphere because the transmission medium of its energy is air, and it needs neither a tank nor maintenance like hydraulic equipment. In addition, safety to a person...

1.1 Our motivation for the work presented below comes from the realisation of the rather paradoxical situation with the mathematics used by physicists in the last 70 or so years. Physicists have always been ahead of mathematicians in introducing and testing new methods of calculations, leaving to mathematicians the task of putting the new methods and ideas on a solid and rigorous foundation. Bu...

We provide details about how to calculate mutual information in the Triple Helix context. The underlying entropy measures are described as functions working on empirical discrete stochastic variables. associated transformation is shown be nonlinear.

ERRATA delete optimal Section accommodate R(t,k) vi ci nity change b-a to a-b Bayes risk It easily follows (by induction) from (9) and (21) ...

I describe how relativistic field theory generalises the paradigm property of material systems, the possession of mass, to the requirement that they have a mass-energy-momentum density tensor Tμν associated with them. I argue that Tμν does not represent an intrinsic property of matter. For it will become evident that the definition of Tμν depends on the metric field gμν in a variety of ways. Ac...