In the estimation of additional shielding requirements for primary beam apart from that provided by patient and hardware in the x-ray beam, there is the need to distinguish between attenuation and hardening properties of materials in comparison. In this work, numerical comparison of attenuation and hardening properties of phantom (Lucite, soft tissue, water) and hardware (aluminum and steel) ma...

Iodine is commonly used as a contrast agent in nonmedical science and engineering, for example, to visualize Darcy flow in porous geological media using X-ray computed tomography (CT). Undesirable beam hardening artifacts occur when a polychromatic X-ray source is used, which makes the quantitative analysis of CT images difficult. To optimize the chemistry of a contrast agent in terms of the be...

OBJECTIVE This prospective study evaluated the ability of indirect 16-row multidetector CT venography, in comparison with Doppler sonography, to detect deep vein thrombosis after total hip or knee replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two patients had undergone orthopedic replacement surgery on a total of 30 hip joints and 54 knee joints. The CT venography (scan delay time: 180 seconds; sl...

Introduction: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was introduced and became more common based on its low cost, fast image procedure rate and low radiation dose compared to CT. This imaging modality improved diagnostic and treatment-planning procedures by providing three-dimensional information with greatly reduced level of radiation dose compared to 2D dental imaging modalitie...

Quantitative tissue classification using dual-energy CT has the potential to improve accuracy in radiation therapy dose planning as it provides more information about material composition of scanned objects than the currently used methods based on single-energy CT. One problem that hinders successful application of both singleand dualenergy CT is the presence of beam hardening and scatter artif...

Industrial computed tomography (CT) images often suffer from beam hardening (BH) artefacts. Since beam hardening correction (BHC) is crucial in industrial CT, it is worth acquiring a good understanding of the BHC algorithms. The purpose of this work concerns the development of a phantom-based framework to assess the performance of BHC algorithms in industrial CT, and its application on several ...

background: cone beam computed tomography (cbct) is an alternative to a computed tomography (ct) scan, which is appropriate for a wide range of craniomaxillofacial indications. the long‑term use of metallic materials in dentistry means that artifacts caused by metallic restorations in the oral cavity should be taken into account when utilizing cbct and ct scanners. the aim of this study was to ...

Compared to conventional attenuation imaging, Talbot-Lau X-ray grating interferometry applied within a polychromatic setup suffers from additional artifacts. Among those are beam hardening and dispersion effects due to the complex coupling of different physical effects involved in the image formation process. In computed tomography these effects lead to image degradation, such as cupping and st...

In industrial X-ray CT application, it is particularly important to remove beam hardening artifacts in reconstructed images in order to achieve accurate surface extraction for dimensional inspection of mechanical parts. This paper proposes a new method in the same category as the IAR (iterative artifact reduction) technique with the added advantage of not requiring repeated image reconstruction...

X-ray computed tomography (CT) images obtained with a polychromatic X-ray source were simulated by computer for homogeneous solutions and suspensions containing a heavy element. When the K-edge of the element was near the peak energy of the polychromatic X-ray spectrum, the degree of beam hardening in the simulated CT image strongly depended on the atomic number and molar concentration of the ...