The freezing process. microstructures and phase relationships in some experimental cast tool steels have been investigated and developed under the various solidification conditions. Experimental steels were based on AISI M2 and M10 grades high speed steels. Addition of carbide forming elements such as niobium and titanium with and without extra carbon were made to the molten bath of the base st...

The Ni-B-P alloy coatings were made autocatalytically (electroless) using an alkaline plating bath with nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2.6H2O) as the source of nickel ions, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) as reducing agents and source of boron and phosphorous ions, respectively. The effects of bath concentrations on the plating rate, composition of coating, surfa...

Thin films of copper indium diselenide (CIS) were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique onto glass substrate at 60C. The studies on composition, morphology, optical absorption, electrical conductivity and structure of the films were carried out. Characterization includes X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Energy dispersive x-ray ...

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was evaluated as a simpler and more effective alternative to conventional extraction methods for the isolation of curcuminoids from turmeric plant rhizomes. The turmeric samples were extracted under indirect sonication in an ultrasonic bath, and compared with the conventional methods. It was found that the yield of ultrasound-assisted extraction was approxim...

During haemodialysis with the Kolff twin-coil artificial kidney the patient's blood is passed through " cellophane " tubing which is immersed in a dialysing bath. This holds 100 litres of fluid, with an electrolytic composition similar to that of the normal plasma, with an addition of 0.88% glucose. During haemodialysis, urea and other nitrogenous substances appear in increasing quantities. The...

This study was conducted to improve four characteristics as objectives:（1） high current efficiency, （2） surface brightness, and （3） hardness of chromium-carbon （Cr-C） alloy layers during electrochemical deposition from Cr（III） ions, （4） reproducibility the Cr-C layer formation repeated plating with a electroplating bath. A malonic-acid-containing sulfuric acid bath （sulfuric II） prepared by add...

Composition modulated multilayer alloy (CMMA) coatings of Zn-Ni were electrodeposited galvanostatically on mild steel (MS) for enhanced corrosion protection using single bath technique. Successive layers of Zn-Ni alloys, having alternately different composition were obtained in nanometer scale by making the cathode current to cycle between two values, called cyclic cathode current densities (CC...