Organizations have found that functional approach to business destroys flexibility and agility by gaining experience over the time. The main weakness with Task-based organizations is that they can hardly act flexibly and adapt themselves to the changing environment. In today’s' dynamic and competitive business world, organizations focus significantly on managing and improving their business pro...

abstract purpose - the aim of this paper is to describe the population ecology theory through fractal thinking, an emergent human operating system that is creative, adaptive, healthy, and evolutionary; furthermore, a parallel is drawn between the population ecology model and the fractal structure. top-down hierarchies are typically characterized by command and control systems of the authority t...

entering into the third millennium and current information age, organizations andpeople are increasingly using technologies and networks. in recent decades,technological progresses have rapidly dominated the world. in this vein, theemergence of the internet in different aspects of life is considered to be the greatestdevelopment of the 21st century. the internet, along with technologicaladvance...

psychological strain, physical and mental pressur. called stress is a part of daily life for all managers and employees. organizational changes, expectations of employees from management, technological changes, society expectations and personal involvement cause a person to be strained and depressed so that he, or she gets involved in pressure, conflict, and frustration. as dr. selye explains, ...

Successful organizations take action to ensure that they have the human resources to meet their current and future business needs. Organizations require much greater flexibility to account for individual needs than in the past and have to find new ways to manage resulting challenges. Talent Management (TM) will play a critical role in this context to help businesses succeed. Talent Managem...