abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

abstract this study evaluates the iranian pre-university english textbook in terms of needs, objectives, content, and methodology. the study was designed on the qualitative- quantitative survey basis using interviews and questionnaires, a researcher-made textbook evaluation checklist and a needs analysis questionnaire. the textbook evaluation questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the ...

the present study sought to investigate the impact of using mind-mapping technique instruction on female elementary efl learners reading comprehension; it also investigated their attitudes towards using mind-mapping technique as a tool to improve their reading comprehension. this study followed a quasi-experimental design with two intact groups as experimental, and control groups. the participa...

peace and national security protection and ironic solving of international conflicts become the preliminary foundation of the united nations charter and had been considered as the main responsibilities of the security council, after world war ii and the establishment of united nations organization. therefore, the security council enables to analyze every kind of conflicts and challenges which ...

Human life has been affected by new communications in recent years. The development of cyberspace has led to businesses embracing social networks. The appearance of the cyberspace and features offered by information technology (IT) has provided hope, wishes, opportunities, and challenges for business owners. Organizations create opportunities for improving productivity, market share and value, ...

The purpose of this research was to develop a model for the development of weightlifting in Asia. According to the purpose of the present study, this research was a qualitative research and applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research was all Asian weightlifting experts. The condition of expertise in this resear...

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to discover and explain factors affecting the health-oriented sport of the Iranian Armed Forces. Sports policy-making will not be possible without a comprehensive investigation of all the effective factors and their importance. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 elites of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, incl...