Ongoing synaptic activity, ever present in cortical neurons, may vary widely in its amplitude and characteristics, potentially having a strong influence on neuronal processing. Intracellular recordings in layer 5 pyramidal cells in prefrontal and visual cortical slices maintained in vitro revealed spontaneous periods of synaptic bombardment. Testing the responsiveness of these cortical cells to...

Failures of barrages or regulators or parts of them may be expected when excessive scour patterns are observed downstream of such structures. Severe and excessive scour may be largely due to unsymmetric operation of gates especially when a multi-vents barrages or regulator is being considered. Previous investigations proved that the scour patterns downstream hydraulic structures are functions o...

Resting membrane potentials, electrical resistance, and coupling of chick retinal pigment epithelium cells in tissue culture have been measured with micropipette electrodes. Topical application of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 produce rapid, reversible changes in the membrane potentials of these cells. CaCl2 uniquely induces a slow hyperpolarizing wave that can lead to barrages of depolarizing ac...