The European banking industry joined forces to achieve a fully integrated market for retail payment services in the euro area: the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). Against this background, the present paper examines the fundamental relationship between retail payment business and overall bank performance. Using data from across 27 European markets over the period 2000–2007, we analyse whether ...

This study intends to expand a set of proper performance evaluation indices which embraces strategies for sustaining top performance using SWOT analysis inside a balanced scorecard (BSC) outline for the large commercial bank branches in IRAN by operating a fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis (FDEA). Through literature reviews and the banks’ experts and managers opinions and who have real practical ...

This paper assesses the relative effectiveness of central bank independence vs. policy rules for the policy instruments in bringing about good economic performance. It examines historical changes in (1) macroeconomic performance, (2) the adherence to rulesbased monetary policy, and (3) the degree of central bank independence. Macroeconomic performance is defined in terms of both price stability...

Countries differ in the extent to which their financial systems are bank-based or market-based. This paper presents evidence on the impact of financial development and structure on bank performance using bank-level data for a large number of developed and developing countries. For countries that have underdeveloped financial systems, we show that a move towards a more developed financial system...

Given the rapid development of the banking sector, it is reasonable to expect that the performance of banks has become the centre of attention among bank managers, stakeholders, policy makers, and regulators. In order to maximizing the share-holders’ satisfactory level, two bank efficiency measurement approaches, i.e. the production approach and the user cost approach, which are financial evalu...

DRAM requires periodic refresh to prevent data loss from charge leakage. There exists two main refresh methods employed in the majority of today’s DRAM systems. The first method is to carry out refresh operations at the rank level, called all-bank refresh (REFab), which is mainly used by commodity DDR DRAM [6]. Because all-bank refresh prevents all banks within an entire DRAM rank from serving ...