Dr. Holmes' contribution to the series edited by Professor O'Shea is "an inductive study of backward children. It presents in a series of concrete illustrations," says Dr. Holmes, "studies of cases to exemplify the principles and methods underlying the diagnosis, treatment and training of backward children." His aim has been to describe the cases "simply, non-technically, and humanly." His succ...

Control refers to an obligatory referential dependency between an argument of a verb and the subject of the verb’s clausal complement. In many languages, the direction of the control relation can only be forward, as it is the matrix argument that provides the referential identity of the silent embedded subject. A priori, however, there is no reason to rule out a backward control relation, where...

This paper aims to account for the backward anaphora that seem to be against the c-command requirements in the anaphor-antecedent relations. It was claimed that the binding conditions should apply at LF for the backward binding cases involving phych-verbs and causatives. Under the recent development of minimalism where the concept of levels disappears to adopt a cyclic derivation, the data that...

We study a model in which lifetime individual utility is derived from both present and past consumption streams. Each of these streams is discounted, the former forward in the usual way, the latter backward. We presume that an individual at date t evaluates consumption programs according to some weighted average of her own felicity (as perceived at date t) and that of “future selves” at dates g...

class of neurons known as starburst amacrine cells compute the direction of a visual stimulus, according to new results from Thomas Euler, Peter Detwiler (University of Washington, Seattle, WA), and Winfried Denk (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany). The experiments show that starburst dendrites signal independently of the electrical activity of the soma, an ability ...

Background Motor intervention plays an important role in reducing the disabilities of Down syndrome (DS). A lack of balance and postural control has created motor problems in DS patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of backward walking on postural stability of DS patients. Materials and Methods Sixteen DS children with 8-10 age range were selected by convenience s...

in the light of the 2008 world development report, this paper revisits the impact of agriculture on overall economic growth, in the case of an oil producing country, using indices of intersectoral linkages. to this end, four input-output tables of iran’s economy are utilized. the results support the importance of the agricultural sector in stimulating the economic growth of iran, but also s...

In this paper, we study a kind of Stackelberg game where the controlled systems are described by backward stochastic differential delayed equations (BSDDEs). By introducing new adjoint equation, establish sufficient verification theorem for optimal strategies leader and follower in general case. Then, focus on linear–quadratic (LQ) with delay. The equilibrium is presented generalized fully coup...

this article gives an approach to predict the springbackward phenomena during post solidification cooling in a functionally graded hybrid composite cylindrical shell with transverse isotropic structure. here the material properties are considered to be given with a general parabolic power-law function. during theoretical analysis, appropriate transform is introduced in the equilibrium equation ...