BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that there is widespread decline in male reproductive health and that antiandrogenic pollutants may play a significant role. There is also a clear disparity between pesticide exposure and data on endocrine disruption, with most of the published literature focused on pesticides that are no longer registered for use in developed countries. OBJECTIVE We used estimate...

Freshwater ecosystems can be impacted by invasive species. Non-native species can become invasive due to their high tolerance to environmental stressors (e.g., pollution and habitat modifications). Yet, tolerance of native and non-native fish species exposed simultaneously to multiple chemical stressors has not been investigated. To quantify tolerance of native and non-native fish species in th...

BACKGROUND In South Africa there is little data on environmental pollution of rural water sources by agrochemicals. METHODS This study investigated pesticide contamination of ground and surface water in three intensive agricultural areas in the Western Cape: the Hex River Valley, Grabouw and Piketberg. Monitoring for endosulfan and chlorpyrifos at low levels was conducted as well as screening...

The development of resistance in the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) is a serious threat to the tender fruit industry in Ontario (50% crop losses in 1994). Resistance to carbamate insecticides and increased survival of field-collected moths at diagnostic concentrations of pyrethroids were widespread. As a result...

Fifteen pesticides were tested in laboratory bioassays on Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), the principal phytoseiid mite predator in Washington apple orchards. We developed a rating system for pesticides using lethal and sublethal effects, and applied the rating system to our results. At the 1 dose, only spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin caused >75% acute mortality of females. Carbaryl, azin...

The quotient method (QM), a laboratory-based risk assessment methodology used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate pesticides for registration and use, has not been thoroughly field-tested and its performance has not always been reliable. Our objective was to compare predictions of risk using the QM with results from small mammal field studies to identify factors that cause v...