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introduction no2 is not only a potential air pollutant in urban and industrial environments but also a precursor for smog of urban environment that is another ozone pollutant as well. some of the urban environments in iran have high tropospheric and near surface no2 which requires research attentions especially in these years. that is the issue of concern in the present study using satellite da...

introduction the review of roles and functions of local management show that rural managers have played a significant role and been responsible on the physical development of villages over the time. despite legal supports for playing a role in local management and any intervention for rural development and the physical expansion of rural settlements, such a role and its impacts on rural develop...