We examine a rod piston-rotaxane system, where the positions of several mobile rings on the axle are controlled by an external force acting on one of the rings. This allows us to access the translational entropy of the rings. For a simple rotaxane molecule with an axle that has uniform ring-axle interactions along its length, the molecule behaves like a miniature piston filled with a one-dimens...

An articulated lorry was instrumented in order to measure its performance in straight-line braking. The trailer was fitted with two interchangeable tandem axle sub–chassis, one with an air suspension and the other with a steel monoleaf 4–spring suspension. The brakes were only applied to the trailer axles, which were fitted with anti–lock braking systems (ABS), with the brake torque controlled ...

Finite element method in pavement analysis is a type of mechanistic analysis that has widely been used by road and transportation engineers these days. This method is used with related programs such as ABAQUS/CAE which is one of the powerful software on this task. Modeling in this software has been developed from 2D static models to 3D dynamic models which are closer to reality due to the more ...

The capacitated vehicle routing problem with sequence-based pallet loading and axle weight constraints is an extension of the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). It integrates loading constraints in a routing problem and is based on a real-world transportation problem. The demand of the customers consists of pallets. These pallets may be placed in two horizontal rows inside th...

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal crank length and crank-axle height for maximum power production during standing arm cranking ("grinding"). METHODS Nine elite professional America's Cup grinders (age = 36 +/- 2 yr, body mass = 104 +/- 1 kg, body fat = 13% +/- 2%) performed eight maximal 6-s sprints on an adjustable standing arm-crank ergometer fitted with an SRM power crank. The protocol in...