A celebrated result by Barak et al (JACM’12) shows the impossibility of general-purpose virtual black-box (VBB) obfuscation in the plain model. A recent work by Canetti, Kalai, and Paneth (TCC’15) extends this result also to the random oracle model (assuming trapdoor permutations). In contrast, Brakerski-Rothblum (TCC’15) and Barak et al (EuroCrypt’14) show that in idealized graded encoding mod...