Introduction: Cholinergic neuronal deficiency is one of the main causes of Alzheimer's pathology, which leads to learning and memory impairment. Scopolamine is a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist commonly used to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin also regulates learning and memory function. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of central administration of insulin on pa...

objective : in this study, the effects of estradiol valerate and raloxifenea selective estrogen receptor modulator; (serm) on morphine induced sensitization were examined in mice memory, according to the step-down passive avoidance task. method: the mice received morphine or estradiol and raloxifene for three days alone or in combination with morphine. after a drug free period of 5 days, the su...

conclusions these data suggest that single bilateral microinjection of aβ (25-35) could impair memory and can be used as an ad model in wistar rats. results the results showed that aβ (25-35) significantly impaired both step-through latency and time in dark compartment in the passive avoidance task. background alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia that leads to neurotoxic...

Objective(s): Calcineurin (CN) is a main phosphatase and a critical regulator of cellular pathways for learning, memory, and plasticity. The FK-506 (tacrolimus),a phosphatase inhibitor, is a fungal-derived agent and a common immune suppressant extensively used for tissue transplantation. To further clarify the role of CN in different stages oflearning and memory the main aim of this study was t...

Introduction:Cholesterol has different effects on memory, and diabetes caused adverse effect on cognition. Since there is not enough evidence regarding the effect of cholesterol on memory of diabetic animals, the effects of cholesterol and simvastatin on the passive avoidance memory of diabetic rat were studied. Methods:The study was done on 60 male Wistar rats (180 ± 20g). Diabetes was in...

background: different stressors induce learning and memory impairment and physical activity influence learning and memory enhancement. in this research, we investigated the effect of synchronized running activity with stress on acquisition and retention time of passive avoidance test. methods: male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control (co), sham (sh), exercise ...

Introduction: Memory impairment is one of the complications of diabetes which may accompany with changes in expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of intra-hippocampal injection of aminoguanidine (AG), as an antioxidant and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on passive avoidance memory and Bcl-2 family genes expression in diab...