Ripening of avocado fruit is associated with a dramatic increase in respiration. In vivo(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed large increases in ATP levels accompanying the increase in respiration. Both glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase, and pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase were present in avocado fruit with the latter activity being highly stimulate...

A method with high success frequency for propagation of avocado is described. Embryonic axes of mature avocado seeds from six Floridian cultivars were excised and cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing growth regulators. Two types of cytokinins were used: benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ). Explants were incubated in the dark for 7-10 days to reduce browning, then transfer...

One of the gifts of America to the world of horticulture is the avocado. The fruit was apparently widespread through Central America and parts of South America in preColumbian times. Since the discovery of the New World the avocado has become widely known and has been grown in nearly all countries throughout the world where climatic conditions permit. Although the avocado of commerce, character...

The microsomal fraction of avocado (Persea americana) mesocarp is a rich source of cytochrome P-450 active in the demethylation of xenobiotics. Cytochrome P-450 from this tissue has been purified and well characterized at the molecular level (DP O'Keefe, KJ Leto [1989] Plant Physiol 89: 1141-1149; KR Bozak, H Yu, R Sirevag, RE Christoffersen [1990] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 3904-3908). Despite...

The retention of respiratory control ("survival") by mitochondria held at 25 C was studied in relation to the ripening of two varieties of avocado (Persea americana Mill. var. ;Fuerte' and ;Hass') and one variety of pear (Pyrus communis. L. var. ;Bartlett') fruit. The survival of avocado mitochondria increased from 8 to 10 hours when isolated from unripe, preclimacteric fruit, to 48 hours when ...

The suitability of ten diets for the development and reproduction of Franklinothrips orizabensis Johansen, the key natural enemy of Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara, a pest of California grown avocados, was determined in the laboratory. The experimental diets evaluated were: (i) irradiated Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs; (ii) irradiated E. kuehniella eggs and avocado pollen; (iii) Tetranychus pac...

Quarantine treatment enables export of avocado fruit (Persea americana) to parts of the world that enforce quarantine against fruit fly. The recommended cold-based quarantine treatment (storage at 1.1°C for 14 days) was studied with two commercial avocado cultivars 'Hass' and 'Ettinger' for 2 years. Chilling injuries (CIs) are prevalent in the avocado fruit after cold-quarantine treatment. Henc...

Enzymatic browning in avocado puree and guacamole was evaluated by reflectance measurements for several varieties of avocado with varying amounts of chemical additives. Paste from Booth 8 had a greater tendency to brown than that from Lula. Browning at 75°F was effectively retarded without flavor change by 30 mg percent of sodium bisulfite or 200 mg percent ascorbic acid. Lemon juice or citric ...

Supply chain network design in perishable product has become a challenging task due to its short life time, spoilage of product in degradation nature and stochastic market demand. This paper focused on designing and optimizing model for perishable product in stochastic demand, which comprises multiple levels from producer, local collector, wholesaler and retailers. The ultimate goal is to optim...

Tamarixia aguacatensis Yefremova, sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) is described from Mexico as a parasitoid of the avocado psyllid, Trioza aguacate Hollis & Martin (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Trioza aguacate is a serious pest of avocado, Persea americana Miller. A key to the species of Tamarixia Mercet in Mexico is given.