Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) can reliably measure coronary flow velocity (CFV) and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in the clinical setting. Background. Coronary flow velocity measurement has provided useful clinical and physiologic information. Advancement i...

The lateral distributions of depth-averaged apparent shear stress, depth mean velocity, and diffusion coefficients are essential in certain quantitative analysis for sediment transport and environmental studies. An analytical method for the computation of these parameters is presented. A mathematical relationship between these parameters, based on the concept of surplus energy transport through...

In an isotropic, homogeneous, nondissipative, dielectric–magnetic medium that is simply moving with respect to an inertial reference frame, planewave solutions of the Maxwell curl postulates can be such that the phase velocity and the time–averaged Poynting vector are mutually orthogonal. Orthogonal–phase–velocity propagation thus adds to the conventional positive–phase–velocity propagation and...

A set of model equations for water wave propagation is derived by piecewise integration of the primitive equations of motion through N arbitrary layers. Within each layer, an independent velocity profile is determined. Depth-averaged and ‘‘extended’’ versions of the multi-layer model are presented and compared. With N separate velocity profiles, matched at the interfaces of the layers, the resu...

We derive the closed system of averaged magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for general oscillating flows. The used small parameter of our asymptotic theory is the dimensionless inverse frequency, and the leading term for a velocity field is chosen to be purely oscillating. The employed mathematical approach combines the twotiming method and the notion of a distinguished limit. The properties o...

The objective of this study is to develop a portable device for quantifying the velocity-dependent properties of spastic elbow muscles. Based on a motor-driven system, validation tests of the portable system such as accuracy and response of sensors were first examined. Furthermore, simulated modules (inertia, damper and spring) as well as elbow joints (15 control and 15 hemiplegic subjects) wer...