in this research for detection and separation cultivation platforms and flowerpots from each other, localization the corner of platforms and position of the flowerpots to form of two-dimensional point and creation two-dimensional map of greenhouse, used three-dimensional coordinates of environment components. results obtained from this research, showed that the proposed algorithm can detect 100...

This paper develops a new efficient estimator for the average treatment effect, if selection for treatment is on observables. The new estimator is linear in the first-stage nonparametric estimator. This simplifies the derivation of the means squared error (MSE) of the estimator as a function of the number of basis functions that is used in the first stage nonparametric regression. We propose an...

In communication networks, cooperative strategies are coding schemes where network nodes work together to improve network performance metrics such as sum-rate. This work studies encoder cooperation in the setting of a discrete multiple access channel with two encoders and a single decoder. A node in the network that is connected to both encoders via rate-limited links, referred to as the cooper...

Failure to allow for autocorrelation of the disturbances in a regression model can lead to biased and inconsistent parameter estimates, particularly if the model is autoregressive. While consistent estimation methods are available which allow for autocorrelation, estimation is usually much easier when there is some assurance that autocorrelation is absent. In pursuit of such assurance the prese...

The measurement of the average received power is essential for power control and dynamic channel allocation in wireless communication systems. However, due to the effects of multipath fading and additive noise inherent to the wireless channel, there can be significant errors in such measurements. In this paper, the error statistics for average power measurements are considered; in particular, t...

Consider a procedure that chooses fe-bit odd numbers independently and from the uniform distribution, subjects each number to t independent iterations of the strong probable prime test (Miller-Rabin test) with randomly chosen bases, and outputs the first number found that passes all t tests. Let pfc , denote the probability that this procedure returns a composite number. We obtain numerical upp...

Two channels are equivalent if their maximum likelihood (ML) decoders coincide for every code. We show that this equivalence relation partitions the space of channels into a generalized hyperplane arrangement. With this, we define a coding distance between channels in terms of their ML-decoders which is meaningful from the decoding point of view, in the sense that the closer two channels are, t...