Two-dimensional avalanche simulation software operating in three-dimensional terrain is widely used for hazard zoning and engineering to predict runout distances and impact pressures of snow avalanche events. Mountain forests are an effective biological protection measure against avalanches; however, the protective capacity of forests to decelerate or even to stop avalanches that start within f...

We introduce the standard distribution width of fitness to characterize the global and individual features of a ecosystem in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. Through tracking this quantity in evolution, a different hierarchy of avalanche dynamics, w0 avalanche is observed. The corresponding gap equation and the self-organized threshold wc are obtained. The critical exponents τ, γ and ρ, which d...

We demonstrate a nanopillar (NP) device structure for implementing plasmonically enhanced avalanche photodetector arrays with thin avalanche volumes (∼ 310 nm × 150 nm × 150 nm). A localized 3D electric field due to a core-shell PN junction in a NP acts as a multiplication region, while efficient light absorption takes place via surface plasmon polariton Bloch wave (SPP-BW) modes due to a self-...

The analysis and optimization of the npvnp avalanche diode have been realized on basis of the nonlinear model and special optimization procedure. This type of the diode that was named as Double Avalanche Region (DAR) IMPATT diode includes two avalanche regions inside the diode. The phase delay which was produced by means of the two avalanche regions and the drift region v is sufficient to obtai...

A collective electron transfer (ET) process was discovered by studying the current noise in a field effect transistor with light-sensitive gate formed by nanocrystals linked by organic molecules to its surface. Fluctuations in the ET through the organic linker are reflected in the fluctuations of the transistor conductivity. The current noise has an avalanche character. Critical exponents obtai...

A review of fatal United States avalanche accidents in the 1990s shows terrain, weather, and snow pack conditions are generally contributory factors to fatal avalanche accidents; human factors are the primary factor. Human errors are made in terms of judgement, skills, and knowledge. This paper discusses the human factors and errors that might mitigate decision-making errors. The relevant infor...

The economic implications of network topologies are studied via a monopolist’s model of market networks originally proposed by Phan, et al. (2003). By embedding the market into a larger collection of network topologies, in particular, a class of scale-free networks, we extend the early analysis built upon a class of ring networks. To facilitate the study of the impacts of network topologies upo...

Avalanche behavior of gravitationally-forced granular layers on a rough inclined plane are investigated experimentally for different materials and for a variety of grain shapes ranging from spherical beads to highly anisotropic particles with dendritic shape. We measure the front velocity, area and the height of many avalanches and correlate the motion with the area and height. We also measure ...

Articles you may be interested in Low-noise AlInAsSb avalanche photodiode Appl. Enhanced frequency response associated with negative photoconductance in an InGaAs/InAlAs avalanche photodetector Appl.

Snow avalanche is one of the most life-claiming calamities in the world. In avalancheprone regions, it is necessary to alert the population about such events beforehand to abate the effects. Hence it is important to build a snow avalanche detection system which will also detect landslides. To understand how an avalanche is started, snow physics needs to be understood which describes us about ty...