Use of composites for a range of structural application in aircrafts, space-crafts, automobiles, etc., has widely spread in the last few years. Other than weight reduction, cut-outs provide pathways to link different aircraft parts. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of a cut-out on the tensile strength of the fiber glass/ epoxy composite plate. Geome...

Abstract How has the rise of automobile influenced urban areas over past century? In this paper, we investigate long-run impact car ownership on population density, based a sample 232 city observations in 57 countries. Using presence domestic manufacturer 1920 as source exogenous variation, our IV estimates indicate that substantially reduces density. A one standard deviation increase rates cau...

Joint product development, in which suppliers and automakers hare the responsibility for component design, has given Japanese auto companies an important competitive advantage in both quality and new model lead times [Clark, 1989]. In contrast, U.S. automakers until recently left little room for suppliers' participation in the design process; vendors typically manufactured components to assembl...

Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is one of the most famous indices, which is used for estimating the productivity change of a Decision Making Unit (DMU) during the time. Virtually any empirical study that uses MPI, reports average of the productivity indices they estimate to represent the overall tendency in productivity changes. In such a case, productivity indices of a DMU are considered wi...

There has been increasing interest for manufacturers to produce hybrid vehicles. This is due to high pollution levels, increasing fuel prices, and customer demands of fuel efficient vehicles. Similarly there is interest in use of electrical components instead of mechanically operated ones in automobiles. Mechanical differential is used in automobiles for providing torque transmission through 90...