“Carbon Neutrality” means that enterprises, groups, or individuals calculate the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced directly indirectly within a certain period and offset their Carbon dioxide through afforestation, energy conservation, emission reduction to achieve zero carbon emissions. Since 2020, commitment Neutrality has been paid attention by various industries. Particularly...

This paper models annual new car average CO2 emissions intensity in EU Member States over the period 1995-2004. It attempts to explore the relationship, if any, between national vehicle and fuel taxes and the EU voluntary agreement in reducing CO2 emissions from the passenger car fleet. Our results indicate that (i) vehicle taxes are likely to be significant in reducing CO2 emissions intensity ...

Recent environmental legislation, such as the European Union Directive on End-ofLife Vehicles and the Japanese Home Electric Appliances Recycling law, has had a major influence on product design from both an engineering and an economic perspective. This article presents a methodology for studying the effects of automobile fuel efficiency and emission policies on the long-term design decisions o...

We examine the impact of three "criteria" air pollutants on infant health in New Jersey in the 1990s by combining information about mother's residential location from birth certificates with information from air quality monitors. Our work offers three important innovations. First, we use the exact addresses of mothers to select those closest to air monitors to improve the accuracy of air qualit...

Introduction Global Climate Change (GCC) is the most pressing problem the world faces today, due to the potentially catastrophic and far-reaching nature of its effects. If the world’s governments do not successfully cut their projected carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in half by 2056, extremely damaging and irreversible effects will likely result [1, 2]. There are myriad ways to reduce these emis...

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) collects and analyzes data from across the country on public transportation fuel use, vehicles deployed, rides taken, and other key metrics. These data, taken from the National Transit Database and combined with information from the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, provides valuable insight into the impacts of autom...

As a series of political objectives converge and call for enhanced domestic automobile fuel efficiency, it is time to reassess the United States Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards and compare future options for limiting gasoline consumption. Unlike the situation in 1975 when CAFE standards were first imposed to limit America’s oil dependence, now the greatest motive is to curb gree...

This paper develops and parameterizes an overarching analytical framework to estimate the welfare effects of energy efficiency standards applied to automobiles and electricity-using durables. We also compare standards with sectoral and economywide pricing policies. The model captures a wide range of externalities and preexisting energy policies, and it allows for possible “misperceptions”—marke...

Los Angeles (LA) has the reputation of an auto dependent city. Although the region is served by a robust public transportation system, the majority of the population commutes by automobile and has developed in sprawling manner leading to poor air quality, traffic congestion and unsafe streets. Despite this, in recent years, the LA region has made significant headway in reversing sprawl and auto...

Rising greenhouse gas emissions raise the risk of severe climate change. The household sector’s greenhouse gas emissions have increased over time as more people drive gasoline cars and consume electricity generated using coal and natural gas. The household sector’s emissions would decline if more households drove electric vehicles and owned solar panels. In recent years automobile manufacturers...