Autoimmune diseases affect approximately 8% of the population, 78% of whom are women. The reason for the high prevalence in women is unclear. Women are known to respond to infection, vaccination, and trauma with increased antibody production and a more T helper (Th)2-predominant immune response, whereas a Th1 response and inflammation are usually more severe in men. This review discusses the di...

human wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hwj-mscs) are easily available cells without transplant rejection problems or ethical concerns compared to bone-marrow-derived mscs for prospective clinical applications. these cells display immunosuppressive properties and may be able to play an important role in autoimmune disorders. regulatory t-cells (treg) are important to prevent autoi...

L (Lcn2), an innate immune protein, predominantly secreted by neutrophils is upregulated by several logs during inflammatory conditions including autoimmune diseases. However, the defined role of Lcn2 in autoimmune diseases is largely unknown. We investigated the role of Lcn2 in an acute model of IC-mediated inflammation using Lcn2 knock out (Lcn2KO) and their wild type (WT) littermates. In an ...

Accumulating experimental evidence has indicated that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation may enhance immune function in several animal models of inflammatory diseases. 2 However, there are few clinical data on EA stimulation for autoimmune diseases and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of EA stimulation for autoimmune diseases remain unclear. Mast cells are the central players i...

IL-9-producing Th9 cells have been associated with autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalitis. However, the factors that negatively regulate Th9 cells during autoimmune inflammation are unclear. In this article, we show that IFN-γ inhibits Th9 differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. This suppressive activity was dependent on the transcription factor STAT-1. In addition...

Recent findings indicate that presence of activated immune competent cells and inflammation are typical of atherosclerosis, the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk of CVD is very high in a prototypic autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is also raised in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity-related CVD and atherosclerosis a...

The present study highlights the Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis. Due to similarities clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings many forms autoimmune infectious encephalitis, encephalitis is frequently a difficult clinical diagnosis. Diagnosis based on course, serological evidence autoimmunity, EEG changes, intrathecal inflammation cerebrospinal fluid neuroi...

In recent years, IL-17A (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has received intense attention of researchers and clinicians alike with documented effects in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. IL-17 mobilizes, recruits and activates different cells to increase inflammation. Although protective in infections, overproduction of IL-17 promotes inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as multiple ...

Inflammation is a necessary process to control infection. However, exacerbated inflammation, acute or chronic, promotes deleterious effects in the organism. Violacein (viola), a quorum sensing metabolite from the Gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, has been shown to protect mice from malaria and to have beneficial effects on tumors. However, it is not known whether this drug poss...