People with severe speech and motor impairments (SSMI) can often use augmentative communication devices to help them communicate. While these devices can provide speech synthesis or text output, the rate of communication is typically very slow. Consequently, augmentative communication users often develop telegraphic patterns of language usage. A natural language processing technique termed comp...

An energetically significant leak of protons occurs across the mitochondrial inner membranes of eukaryotic cells. This seemingly wasteful proton leak accounts for at least 20% of the standard metabolic rate of a rat. There is evidence that it makes a similar contribution to standard metabolic rate in a lizard. Proton conductance of the mitochondrial inner membrane can be considered as having tw...

The efficacy of natural enemies in controlling pests under field conditions is largely correlated with their capacity to spread within infested crops. In this study the spatial dispersal of the California red scale parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was evaluated in the field after augmentative releases. The experiment was conducted in 2007 in six 1-ha plots in a Sicil...

Behavioral experiments have shown that the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) subclass of glutamate receptor plays an important role in acquisition of emotional memory. Exposure of a rat to conditioned fear stimuli suppresses vasopressin (VP) release and augments oxytocin (OT) or prolactin (PRL) release from the pituitary. Present experiments aimed at investigating the effect of intraperitonially admi...

In our previous studies,1)2) as to the microvibration (MV) of the body surface in the rabbit, OZAKI1) and FUZIWARA2) have reported that adrenaline and noradrenaline were capable of augmenting and inhibiting the MV according to small and large doses injected, respectively. It was suggested in their experiments that the inhibitory effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the MV might be attribut...

The history of using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems for communication is rather brief. Prior to 1975, there were descriptions of nonspeaking individuals using simple letter boards, picture boards, and typewriters to communicate messages (Goldberg & Fenton, 1960; Goldstein & Cameron, 1952; McDonald & Schultz, 1973; Vicker, 1974). The early use of AAC systems was limited...