shiite scholars have always been concerned with the question of authenticity of hadiths of infallible-innocent personalities from the very beginning. text criticism and consideration of contextual criticism of hadiths is a significant component in this connection. evidence available indicates that text criticism of hadiths, whose consideration had been rooted in shi‘a imams’ directions, has had...

hakim sanai is among the few major poets and mystics and is one of the persian-language primers, whose works created modern developments of the persian poetry’s content. he was also, in the true sense of the word, “like a thunder that lightened and like a sun that shined,” brightening the road of such poets as attar and rumi. the significance of sanai’s position in literature and mysticism, as ...

the mus'haf of imam ali (as) is part of the heritage and precious resources of the shiite imams knoledge, that his manuscript version was from the holy quran to dictation of the prophet (pbuh.).according to the ahadith,both shiite and sunni has been approvedexistence ofthismus'haf. the content of themus'hafof ali(as) is different in the order of the suras and probably in a few ve...

among the deciples of holy imams baqir and sadiq, some figures are more influential and prominent than others. of these is jābir ibn yazid joʿfi who was most endowed with the knowledge of imam baqir. although he was regarded as a prominent scholar of imamiyyah and some works were attributed to him, there are reports implying his fault and blameworthiness. furthermore, after his death the extrem...

in his seminal book on the historical periods of western attitudes toward death, philippe aries describes four consecutive periods through which these attitudes evolved and transformed. according to him, the historical attitudes of western cultures have passed through four major parts described above: “tamed death,” one’s own death,” “thy death,” and “forbidden death.” this paper, after explori...

Hezbollah, which in Arabic stands for the “Party of God,” has over the last few decades grown into one of the most influential Lebanese political organizations and militias. Hezbollah was conceived in the midst of the violent civil War of Lebanon, and in its early stage it often resorted to terrorist acts. However, over the years it has gradually transformed into a legitimate political current....

according to the traditionists (akhbārīs), “inference of theoretical precepts from the external meanings of the qur’ān and the sunna of the prophet without reference to the infallible imams is not permitted. also, after enquiry into the sayings of the imams, if no contextual evidence is found, it has to be ceased and no recourse can be made to the above external meanings.” the reasons that akhb...