Owing to the variability of influenza viruses, vaccine composition needs to be up-dated annually. As many variables can influence their efficacy, vaccines are still considered "sub-optimal". Many studies have been carried out in recent years to improve vaccines. In particular, researchers and vaccine-producing corporations have focused on developing a live vaccine. Among the candidate vaccines,...

Avian influenza viruses remain a major pandemic threat. In response to this threat, a number of pandemic vaccines have been developed. The objective of this paper is to review and summarize data from preclinical and clinical evaluation of Russian live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) against pandemic influenza based on cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) master donor virus (MDV). The...

A school-located mass vaccination program can enable rapid vaccination of a large number of students while minimizing disruption of their school activities. During 3 consecutive influenza seasons beginning in 2005, the Knox County Health Department conducted school-located mass vaccination clinics using live attenuated influenza vaccine. Overall, the proportion of elementary schoolchildren vacc...

Stability of attenuating mutations is an important premise for live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). The presence of multiple mutations in internal gene segments of live attenuated viruses contributes to the stability of their genomes and consistent phenotypic properties. This study describes the evaluation of results of clinical isolates obtained in Phase I clinical trials of three Russian...

Because of the live viral backbone of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), questions have arisen regarding infection control precautions and restrictions surrounding its use in healthcare personnel (HCP). This document provides guidance from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America regarding use of LAIV in HCP and the infection control precautions that are recommended with its us...

A new tripodal ligand has been designed by coupling pyridyldicarbonyl binding strands with a triazatriangulenium platform (TATA). The complexation reaction with europium provides a C(3)-symmetrical mononuclear compound that is characterized with NMR, ESMS and qualitatively with single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In addition, photophysical studies of this dual emissive system have been perfor...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the probability and duration of viral shedding among adults given trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). DESIGN Prospective surveillance study. METHODS Nasal wash samples were collected from adult volunteers at baseline and on days 3, 7, and 10 and between days 17 and 21 following intranasal LAIV vaccination. The presence, titer, and identification of ...

With the exception of the live attenuated influenza vaccine there have been no substantial changes in influenza vaccine strategies since the 1940's. Here we report an alternative vaccine approach that uses Adenovirus-vectored centralized hemagglutinin (HA) genes as vaccine antigens. Consensus H1-Con, H3-Con and H5-Con HA genes were computationally derived. Mice were immunized with Ad vaccines e...

Since 2003 (US) and 2012 (Europe) the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been used as an alternative to the traditional inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV). The immune responses elicted by LAIV mimic natural infection and have been found to provide broader clinical protection in children compared to the IIVs. However, our knowledge of the detailed immunological mechanisims induced by...

PURPOSE To develop the infrastructure to conduct timely active surveillance for safety of influenza vaccines and other medical countermeasures in the Sentinel System (formerly the Mini-Sentinel Pilot), a Food and Drug Administration-sponsored national surveillance system that typically relies on data that are mature, settled, and updated quarterly. METHODS Three Data Partners provided their e...