Background: The increased overweight and obesity levels have been a major concern in current situations. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of a mindfulness intervention on the attentional bias toward food in overweight individuals. Methods: The statistical population in this study consisted of overweight individuals with Body Mass Index (BMI) higher than 25, referred to c...

We demonstrated that a self–other attributional bias impedes interracial friendship development. Whites were given the opportunity to become friends with a White or Black participant. Whites indicated how interested they were in becoming friends and how concerned they were about being rejected as a friend. They also indicated how interested they thought the other person was in becoming friends ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cognitive models suggest that attentional biases are integral in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Such biases have been established experimentally in anxiety disorders; however, the evidence is unclear in Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD). In the present study, an eye-tracking methodology was employed to explore attentional biases in relation t...

If a person expects that (a) drinking alcohol or using another addictive substance will enhance positive affect or reduce negative affect, and (b) there is a strong likelihood that these desirable consequences will occur if the substance is used, that person is likely to form a goal of using the substance. The theoretical framework presented here predicts that when that happens, the person will...

Two emotional Stroop tasks (EST) using different stimuli (valent words and emotional faces) were used to study relations of EST-interferences with temperament and current mood. In both studies (N1 = 121 and N2 = 124), the reliability of the attentional bias measures was improved by employing individually trimmed means to calculate interference scores. Across the two studies, relations were foun...

Compared to previous studies of competition with participants' direct involvement, the current study for the first time investigated the influence of competitive outcomes on attentional bias from a perspective of an onlooker. Two simple games were employed: the Rock-Paper-Scissors game (Experiment 1) in which the outcome is based on luck, and Arm-wrestling (Experiment 2), in which the outcome i...

background according to recent theories on addiction, attentional bias towards drug-related stimuli plays a pivotal role in the initiation of drug abuse. objectives the present study attempted to investigate attentional bias towards drug-related words in addicts and non-addicts. patients and methods to attain the objectives, following a causal-comparative study, a number of 15 addicts under tre...

A total of 18 studies have been published concerning the possible relationship of tamoxifen to endometrial cancer. Findings range from a protective effect (RR = 0.47) to a risk ratio as high as 15.2. Most studies are based on previous clinical trials of the drug. There are several recurring biases throughout almost all of the studies reported to date. This paper provides a critical review of ea...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) show an attentional bias for their bodily activity, and whether receiving information about bodily activity influenced perception of bodily sensations. METHODS A total of 30 children with FAP and 30 healthy children performed a dot-probe task, in which they were shown sham pictures about their bodily activity. R...