one of the most important sectors of each city where the citizens social interaction occur and urban life flow carry, are public spaces. one conditions for people presence in these spaces is securing their social security sense. nowadays different factors such as cultural, social, economic and physical in cities public spaces, especially in big cities like tehran, have cause abnormal social beh...

today, concepts such as place attachment, sense of place, meaning of place, place identity, has devoted many studies in literature of architecture and urban design particularly in the field of environmental psychology. it is obvious that in all these concepts, various aspects of interaction between human and place and the impact that places have on people has been presented. this paper defines ...

despite the close relationship between collective memory and urban structure, as the relationship between what is hidden and what is visible, rapid changes throughout the city have caused a disconnection between integrated memories and landscape cohesion. as a context for memories, the historical urban landscape proves valuable. the present research seeks to identify elements and signs in urban...

Security is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality of urban spaces. Nowadays, most of these spaces have become merely pathways with neither social life nor sense of belonging to it. Insufficiency of public surveillance along with weak sense of control and surveillance results in spaces with high crime rate. In the late 60s and early 70s, high crime statistics in open urban space...

One of the most important natural factors and critical facilities in Tehran is presence of AlborzSlopes River-Valleys which have been considered as natural tourist places for citizens since a long time ago, especiallyin hot summers and play effective role in creating a balance between manmade and natural spaces. Importance ofthese river-valleys as ecological pathways is enhanced with the increa...

1. introduction defenseless spaces including areas with high vulnerability index in the cities due to the population growth and physical expansion on one hand and the exhaustion and destruction across the old areas on the other hand, nowadays are highly increased (laidler, 2009). urban defenseless spaces due to the high influence on urban life especially in order to the sense of fear of crime a...