The nucleation of graphene on a transition metal surface, either on a terrace or near a step edge, is systematically explored using density functional theory calculations and applying the two-dimensional (2D) crystal nucleation theory. Careful optimization of the supported carbon clusters, C(N) (with size N ranging from 1 to 24), on the Ni(111) surface indicates a ground state structure transfo...

Total or partial condemnation of carcasses in the slaughter houses has always been a major concern for the poultry industry as it represents huge economical losses for companies. In the United States of America, losses due to cellulitis, an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue of broilers (usually contaminated with Escherichia coli), exceed 35 million USD per year. Combined with other losses...

STM images show that vicinal Au(788) surfaces are made up of a uniform array of (111)-oriented terraces of similar width ( approximately 3.8 nm). This uniformity makes it possible to study the electronic structure of the resulting step superlattice by angle-resolved photoemission. We show that for this terrace array the surface state appears to be broken up into one-dimensional quantum-well lev...

During my travels along the SaGne and RhGne last year, I spent a day and night at the ancestral home of the Chevalier de St. X . . ., an old friend of my father's. The Chevalier had in fact been the French liaison officer attached to my father's brigade in the first war, which had-if their reminiscences are to be trusted-played a not insignificant part in the battles of the Somrne and Marne. Th...

44 45 Millions of subsistence farmers cultivate crops on terraces. These farmers face unique challenges 46 including severe shortages of arable land and remoteness leading to poor access to inputs 47 including nitrogen fertilizer. These challenges contribute to human and livestock malnutrition. 48 Terrace walls (risers) as a vertical surface to grow climbing or trailing legumes represents an 49...

As a sound source, this design uses a piezoelectric “buzzer” disk, which has a high acoustical impedance and is therefore not strongly affected by the air column’s own resonances. Buzzers with housings such as Radio Shack 273-073 or 273-064 are easy to find and have leads attached, but they must be disassembled in order to remove the brass disk with the piezoelectric element. Or, the disk itsel...

this paper is a research conducted based on the basic question that why house belonging is removed from today houses. answer of this question will further demonstrate more importance and necessity of such studies compared with previous studies. this is because addressing such studies plays an important role in recognition of the principles of traditional architecture while modern designers and ...

The character of the surface state wave function on regularly stepped Cu(111) is reinvestigated. It is shown that the qualitative change at terrace lengths around 17 A observed previously by Ortega et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 6110 (2000)]] must necessarily be described as a change from a propagating superlattice state to a terrace-confined quasi-one-dimensional state. This reconciles previous,...