neighborhoods within the hierarchy of urban structure are one of the smallest socio-physical building blocks of cities. traditional neighborhoods of iranian historic cities benefited from strong social relations which were flourished over the years and were manifested in the neighborhoods centers. in the modern era, the new master plans and the complementary local plans have disintegrated these...

|Diierentiated services for the Internet are undergoing intensive development. It is widely accepted that they will require usage sensitive pricing. The Paris Metro Pricing (PMP) proposal is to rely on pricing alone to provide diierentiated services. PMP is the simplest diierentiated services system in terms of complexity.

In this globalization era, companies are required to keep learning and changing. In the process of changing, companies need to be adaptive and innovative. Therefore, a company needs to cultivate and maintain its knowledge. Among other ways, it can be achieved by encouraging the process of knowledge sharing within the company. Hence, this study aims to know the perception of the employee regardi...

In general, city trip planning consists of two main steps: knowing Points-Of-Interest (POIs), and then planning a tour route from the current point to next preferred POIs. We mainly consider the metro for traveling around touristic cities as the main means of transportation. In this context, existing tools lack a capability to effectively visualize POIs on the metro map for trip planning. To br...

Metro WDM networks play an important role in the emerging Internet hierarchy; they interconnect the backbone WDM networks and the local access networks. The current circuit-switched SONET/SDH-over-WDM-ring metro networks are expected to become a serious bottleneck — the so-called metro gap — as they are faced with an increasing amount of bursty packet data traffic and quickly increasing bandwid...

We report on an emerging application focused on the design of resilient long reach passive optical networks using combinatorial optimisation techniques. The objective of the application is to determine the optimal position and capacity of a set of metro nodes. We specifically consider dual parented networks whereby each customer must be associated with two metro nodes. An important property of ...

Metro WDM networks play an important role in the emerging Internet hierarchy; they interconnect the backbone WDM networks and the local access networks. The current SONET/SDH–over–WDM–ring metro networks are expected to become a serious bottleneck — the so–called metro gap — as they are faced with an increasing amount of bursty data traffic and quickly increasing bandwidths in the backbone netw...

Di erentiated services for the Internet are undergoing intensive development. It is widely accepted that they will require usage sensitive pricing. The Paris Metro Pricing (PMP) proposal is to rely on pricing alone to provide di erentiated services. PMP is the simplest di erentiated services system in terms of complexity.

Background: The construction of metro lines is a high-risk project. Using a budget-based model for the safety units of metro construction projects can help safety managers to spend optimal budget allocation. The purpose of this study was to plan a budget model based on safety unit performance in an under construction metro station for better budget allocation using robust optimization. Methods...