arguing that human rights treaties by their nature are different from other international agreements, this article deals mainly with such questions as succession of states in respect of human rights treaties and reservations to such instruments.  in contrast to other treaties, which are generally “inter-states exchange of interests”, human rights documents are protective instruments according t...

Spectroscopic properties of SiOhave been calculated from highly correlated wave functions. The computed dipole moments for v = 0 − 3 agree well with the experimental data of Raymonda et al. (1970). By comparing the present results with previous theoretical works, we estimate that the resulting line strengths should be the most accurate to date. The Einstein coefficients for the fundamental and ...

The energy-Casimir method is applied to the problem of symmetric stability in the context of a compressible, hydrostatic planetary atmosphere with a general equation of state. Formal stability criteria for symmetric disturbances to a zonally symmetric baroclinic flow are obtained. In the special case of a perfect gas the results of Stevens (1983) are recovered. Finite-amplitude stability condit...

We briefly outline the physics underlying the mechanical and thermal properties of brown dwarfs, which characterizes their interiors and their atmospheres. We mention the most recent improvements realyzed in the theory of brown dwarfs and the connection with experimental and observational tests of this theory.

The decomposition of ammonium heptamolybdate was investigated by in situ XAFS and in situ XRD to elucidate the influence of different atmospheres on the products formed the formation of different decomposition products and various intermediates is described in detail.

Jets or localized strong currents in planetary atmospheres, as well as in the Earth's oceans, are often associated with sharp potential-vorticity gradients owing to the inherent balance exhibited by these flows. Here, we explore and quantify jet sharpening in a simple idealized single-layer quasi-geostrophic model on a mid-latitude β-plane. The advantages of this idealization are that just two ...

We revealed the inherent instability of α''-Fe16N2 in hydrogenous atmospheres due to the denitrification toward α-Fe by forming NH3 at the particle surface. Coating the particle surface with SiO2 to suppress the formation of NH3 has proven to be a simple yet powerful method to enhance the stability of α''-Fe16N2 in hydrogenous atmospheres.

The scientific aims that motivate our work on this project are: (1) to understand quantitatively the multiple-scattering physics underlying spaceborne hyperspectral and lidar observations of atmospheric aerosols and surface reflectivity; (2) to develop rigorous, stable (i.e., genuinely useful) inverse methods to interpret such observations in terms of geophysical quantities, based on the mathem...

We use radiative transfer calculations to reproduce the basic appearance of Mg II lines observed from Mira variables. These lines have centroids that are blueshifted by at least 30 km s −1 from the stellar rest frame. It is unlikely that flow velocities in the stellar atmospheres are this fast, so radiative transfer effects must be responsible for this behavior. Published hydrodynamic models pr...