Transmission at central synapses exhibits rapid changes in response amplitude under different patterns of stimulation. Whether the delay associated with the transmission of action potentials is similarly modifiable is important for temporally precise computations. We address this question at the calyx of Held of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in Mongolian gerbils in vivo using ...

Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. Antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is recommended as the initial treatment, leading to a marked improvement in most symptoms within 1 month of treatment initiation. Remission is achieved in 30% of children after a first course of ATD. Alternative treatments, such as radioactive iodine or thyroidectomy, are considered in case...

Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide. Current therapeutic options for GD include antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy. ATD treatment is generally well accepted by patients and clinicians due to some advantages including normalizing thyroid function in a short time, hardly causing hypothyroidism, and ameliorating immune disorder whi...

Genetic variants in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes are associated with increased susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. We hypothesized that genetic variant ABC transporters (ABCB1 and ABCC2) may be candidate markers for predicting maculopapular eruption (MPE) induced by antituberculosis therapy. We compared the genotype distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms and hapl...

To gain more insight into the effect of low brain serotonin (5-HT) on brain activation related to conflict, the present study examined the effect of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) on performance and the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response during a combined cognitive and emotional Stroop task. Fifteen healthy female volunteers were tested during a placebo and tryptophan depletion sess...

Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), or Jeune syndrome, is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder associated with a characteristic skeletal dysplasia and variable renal, hepatic, pancreatic, and retinal abnormalities. We have performed a genome wide linkage search using autozygosity mapping in a cohort of four consanguineous families with ATD, three of which originate from Pakistan, and o...

Introduction: Non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol is the sum of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and is usually approximated by the total cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol. The National Lipid Association (NLA) has advocated the use of non-HDL cholesterol as its favoured lipid predictor. Cut-off points are based on LDL ...

Interactions between the 5-HT system and the dopaminergic system and cholinergic system may be important in determining cognitive function and motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown effects of reducing serotonin function, by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), on neuropsychological function. In particular, an adverse effect on verbal memory has been demonstrated. ...

BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism relapse in Graves disease after antithyroid drug (ATD) withdrawal is common; however, measuring the thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) at ATD withdrawal in order to predict outcomes is controversial. This study compared measurement of thyroid stimulatory antibody (TSAb) and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) at ATD withdrawal to predict relapse. ...

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD), as the most common organ‑specific autoimmune disorder, is frequently accompanied by other organ- and nonorgan‑specific autoimmune diseases. Although the exact pathogenic mechanism of the coexistence of autoimmune disorders has not been clearly defined, genetic and environmental factors, immune defects, and hormonal changes, may play a key role in polyautoimmun...