Agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) and endothelin -1 (ET-1) are suggested to be important links between placental ischemia and hypertension during preeclampsia. Activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) increases endothelial cell production of ET-1; however, the importance of ET-1 in response to AT1-AA-mediated AT1 R activation during preeclamp...

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is increased in the myocardium under pressure overload (PO) and involved PO-induced cardiac remodeling. The mechanisms of upregulation HMGB1 expression have not been fully elucidated. In present study, a mouse transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model was used, an angiotensin II (Ang II) type (AT1) receptor inhibitor (losartan) or Ang 2 (AT2) (PD123319) admini...

BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia causes an upregulation of vascular angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor expression in cell culture and animal models. The presented studies were undertaken to examine AT1 receptor overexpression in hypercholesterolemic men and therapeutic interventions thereof by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). METHODS AND RESULTS Effects of AT1 receptor activation were...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in blood pressure regulation. Although clinical and experimental studies have suggested that inhibition of RAS is associated with progression of anemia, little evidence is available to support this claim. Here we report that knockout mice that lack angiotensin II, including angiotensinogen and renin knockout mice, exhibit anemia. The anemi...

Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in post–myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling. Most Ang II effects related to remodeling involve activation of the type 1 receptor (AT1). Although the AT1 receptor is upregulated on cardiac fibroblasts post-MI, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the process. Consequently, we tested whether growth factors known to be present in the re...

BACKGROUND Urethral stricture has a high recurrence rate. There is a common doctrine stating that "once a stricture, always a stricture". This fibrotic disease pathophysiology, pathologically characterized by excessive production, deposition and contraction of extracellular matrix is unknown. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor primarily induces angiogenesis, cellular proliferation and inflamm...

The regulatory effects of angiotensin II (AngII) on its receptor subtypes, AT1 and AT2, were studied using cultured bovine adrenal cells (BAC), which express both receptor subtypes, and PC12W and R3T3 cells, which express only AT2 receptors. In BAC, AngII caused a decrease in AT1- and AT2-binding sites and their corresponding messenger RNAs (mRNAs), but with different kinetics. AT1-binding site...

Preeclampsia is a serious pathologic complication during pregnancy, and its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that autoantibodies against angiotensin II type 1A receptor (AT1-AA) are present in women with preeclampsia. However, their role in the development of hypertension in preeclamptic patients has never been previously investigated. The present study w...

Circulating factors, such as agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor (AT1-AAs), and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), are suggested to be important links between placental ischemia and hypertension in preeclamptic women. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of placental ischemia and TNFin stimulating the AT1-AA and the imp...

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a serious disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, edema, and coagulation and vascular abnormalities. At the cellular level, abnormalities include increased calcium concentration in platelets, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes. Recent studies have shown that antibodies directed against angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors are also highly associat...