BACKGROUND Influenza infection does not always cause clinical illnesses, so serological surveillance has been used to determine the true burden of influenza outbreaks. This study investigates the accuracy of measuring cumulative incidence of influenza infection using different serological survey designs. METHODS We used a simple transmission model to simulate a typical influenza epidemic and ...

OBJECTIVE To compare a PCR assay and direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of potential markers of Leishmania infection in 231 healthy subjects living in a kala-azar endemic focus of Nepal. METHODS The sample was composed of 184 (80%) persons without any known history of KA and not living in the same house as known kala-azar cases (HNK), 24 (10%) Healthy Household Contacts (HHC) a...

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of serum IgG dengue in children in an Amazonian population, to assess the seroconversion rate in 12 months, and to estimate how many seropositive children had a prior clinical diagnosis of dengue. We conducted a population-based study between 2010 and 2011, with children aged 6 months to 12 years that were living in the urban area of a small town in t...

Background: The majority of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women are asymptomatic, but they may give rise to tubal infertility. Screening programmes aim at reducing morbidity in individual by early detect and treatment, and at decreasing the overall prevalence of infection in the population. Materials and Methods: A total of 135 women presenting with a history of infertility(n=113(83.7%) p...

pregnant women are at increased risk for urinary tract infection (uti) but in many cases infection is asymptomatic. this study was performed to determine the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria in pregnant women. a total of 86 pregnant women during first trimester and 56 nonpregnant women were evaluated. all subjects were clinically identified to have no signs and symptoms of uti. ...

Background and Objective: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteria in the properly collected urine of a patient, leading to a urinary tract infection with no symptoms. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common complication in clinical practice with an increasing prevalence due to increase of age. The present study investigated the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women receiving ant...

BACKGROUND Women suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are routinely treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB), but the consequences of this procedure on antibiotic resistance are not fully known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AB treatment on antibiotic resistance among women with rUTIs. METHODS The study population consisted of 2 groups of women who ...

Introduction: Malaria is a major global public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Malaria elimination is the common goal of World Health Organization and the health system in Iran. Following a decline in malaria cases in recent years, the malaria elimination program, technically supported by the WHO, has initiated since 2009 in Iran. In order to suc...

A clinical palpation and semen smear examination of 647 rams submitted to the Regional Veterinary Laboratory during 1967 revealed that 42 (6,5%) of these animals had clinical epididymitis or orchitis, 6 (0,9%) showed other types of genital lesions and 98 (15,1%) suffered from subclinical genital infection. A. seminis and A. seminis-like organisms were isolated from semen specimens of 18 out of ...

Human brucellosis is mainly caused by contact with Brucella-infected animals and their secretions and carcasses. Individuals who are continuously in contact with animals are considered to be at a high risk but only some show symptoms and are diagnosed as cases of brucellosis. Here, we showed that asymptomatic brucellosis infections occur among humans. Asymptomatic infections mainly result from ...