the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

abstract objectives gradual increase length and complexity of utterance (gilcu) therapy method is a form of operant conditioning. this type of treatment is very precise and controlled that is done in 54 steps in 3 speech situations consisted of monologue, reading and conversation. this study aimed to examine the effects of gilcu treatment method on reduction of speech dysfluency of school-age...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

abstract this study evaluates the iranian pre-university english textbook in terms of needs, objectives, content, and methodology. the study was designed on the qualitative- quantitative survey basis using interviews and questionnaires, a researcher-made textbook evaluation checklist and a needs analysis questionnaire. the textbook evaluation questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the ...

recent years have witnessed an increased attention to form focused instruction and consciousness raising activities (ellis, 2002; doughty & williams, 1998) on the one hand and extensive and meaningful exposure to the target language (klapper & rees, 2003; day & bamford, 1998) on the other. due to significance attributed to above mentioned issues by scholars, this study attempted to bridge them ...

in one pole of the continuum of language learning, theoreticians and practitioners traditionally consider english as english as a second language or english as a foreign language. however, in the other pole of this continuum where english is thought of as the most effective tool for international communication, it is referred to as a lingua franca. those who favor an approach to english growing...

purpose a metabolic abnormality such as obesity is a major obstacle in the maintenance of the human health system and causes various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, as well as various cancers. this study was designed to summarize the recent scientific knowledge regarding the anti-obesity role of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is isolated f...

this thesis seeks to present a critical reading of virginia woolf’s mrs. dalloway and michael cunningham’s the hours in terms of an intertextual approach, concentrating on dialogic imagination, negativity, transposition and allusion. this study attempts to evaluate cunninghams perception of woolfs life and work by adopting kristevas conception of intertextuality and her consideration of the hou...

چکیده: هدف از انجام این پژوهش ،بررسی استفاده از یادداشتهای یادگیری به عنوان یکی از ابزار های خود ارزشیابی بر افزایش مهارت دستوری (صورتهای شرطی و مجهول) زبان آموزان در مقطع پیش متوسطه بوده است .بدین منظور یک تست استاندارد در مقطع پیش متوسطه بین 90 نفر زبان آموز در سنین 15 تا 20 سال در آموزشگاه زبان انگلیسی امین و پارسا در شهرستان شاهرود برگزار شد از میان این افراد 60 فراگیر انتخاب شدند. و این 6...