The most common cause of stridor and dyspnea in infants is LM. The nominal derivation of this congenital condition arises from the Greek word “malakia”, which refers to morbid softening of an organ part. It has been sub-classified into 3 primary variants: Type 1 is characterized by antero-medial prolapse or collapse of the bodies of the arytenoid cartilages over the laryngeal inlet. In Type 2, ...

We report a case of cricoid cartilage fracture with unilateral arytenoid dislocation following a motorcycle accident. This 25 year old male sustained blunt injury to the head, face and neck. He presented late to the hospital with one week history of dysphonia. Laryngoscopy revealed cadaveric position of the non-functioning left vocal cord. CT and MRI showed laterally displaced left vocal cord. ...

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis following endotracheal intubation is an uncommon cause of respiratory obstruction. We report one case, adding to ten previously identified. We dissected eight human cadaver larynges and noted the path of the anterior ramus of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. It appeared to be particularly vulnerable to compression injury as it passed between the arytenoid cartilage ...

Retropharyngeal cellulitis / abscess were very commonly seen in children in the past usually associated with oropharyngeal infection.1,2 Adult retropharyngeal cellulitis / abscess also occur due to trauma, infections, foreign body, impaction, and spread of infection to adjacent foci.1-4 Calcification of the posterior part of cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage or posterior aspect of the thyr...

BACKGROUND Voice change is one of the earliest features of Parkinson's disease. However, quantitative studies of vocal fold dynamics which are needed to provide insight into disease biology, aid diagnosis, or track progression, are few. METHODS We therefore quantified arytenoid cartilage movements and glottic area during repeated phonation in 15 patients with Parkinson's disease (symptom dura...

OBJECTIVES To demonstrate a novel approach to cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) injections. STUDY DESIGN Anatomic feasibility study. METHODS Five human cadaveric larynges providing 10 CAJ s were used to obtain trajectory measurements of a 27-gauge 1½-inch needle placed between the CAJ capsule and the contralateral cricothyroid membrane. Ten additional larynges providing 20 CAJ s were then used to ...

OBJECTIVES This report provides a detailed knowledge base of individual subject laryngeal cartilage dimensions across multiple species to assist researchers in creating subject-specific biomechanical laryngeal models. METHODS The raw data from previous laryngeal cartilage studies were grouped by species (for human, canine, and ovine) and by cartilage (arytenoid, thyroid, and cricoid) by means...

Surgical emphysema of the larynx is rare in the absence of trauma and there are a paucity of case reports that describe such conditions. We present what we believe to be an unusual, atraumatic mechanism for mucosal breech of the larynx with subsequent surgical emphysema. Nasendoscopy revealed oedema of the arytenoid cartilage and computed tomography revealed moderate subcutaneous emphysema of t...