Overtopping, internal erosion, and piping are the main causes of accidents and failures of embankments for dams, lagoons, and levees. A key parameter in the failure of these structures is the erodibility of the soil materials used in construction of the embankments. The soil materials are typically constructed based on compaction specifications. The jet erosion test (JET) has been developed to ...

We cover and discuss techniques that are designed for compaction of shape representations or shape configurations. The goal of compaction is to reduce storage space, a fundamental problem in many application domains. We consider compaction both at the representation level (i.e., digital storage) and in physical domains (i.e., physical storage). Shape representation compaction focuses on reducin...

response to soil compaction associated with soil and crop type, and soil wetness at the time of load application and weather in Central and Eastern Europe are reviewed. The effects of soil compaction on the morphological and anatomical modifications of the roots were shown. The influence of soil compaction on plasticity in root growth and functioning in relation to structural discontinuity is d...

withdrawal of oil and gas from reservoirs causes a decrease in pore pressure and an increase in effective stress which results to a reservoir compaction. reservoir compaction will result in surface subsidence through the elastic response of the subsurface. usually in order to determine the subsidence above a hydrocarbon field, the reservoir compaction must be first calculated and then the effec...

Understanding the mechanisms of DNA compaction is becoming increasingly important for gene therapy and nanotechnology DNA applications. The kinetics of the compaction velocity of single DNA molecules was studied using two non-protein condensation systems, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with Mg(2+) for the polymer-salt-induced condensation system and spermine for the polyamine condensation system. ...

Soil compaction by machine used in forest harvesting operation caused negative impacts for regeneration and tree growth. This research was intended to analyze the effectiveness of using slash to decrease soil compaction, to analyze soil compaction at various soil depths, and to measure rut depth at soil surface. Valmet 860.1 forwarder was used in this research. Soil compaction was measured thro...

Many built-in self-testing (BIST) schemes compress the test responses from a k-output circuit to q signature streams, where q << k, a process termed space compaction. The effectiveness of such a compaction method can be measured by its compaction ratio c = k/q. A high compaction ratio can introduce aliasing, which occurs when a faulty test response maps to the faultfree signature. We investigat...

In this paper, we present several powerful techniques which allow us to generate efficiently channel routing solutions which are beneficial to further compaction. Our techniques can be applied to straight track compaction as well as to contour routing compaction, and produce very encouraging results. In particular, for Deutsch’s Difficult Example, we obtained a straight track routing solution w...